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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Avela, Janne", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Auvinen, Eero-Pekka", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-06-21T07:02:25Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-06-21T07:02:25Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87976", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Johdanto. Voimaharjoittelulla tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n olevan positiivisia vaikutuksia juoksun taloudellisuuteen ja kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskykyyn. Lihasta vaurioittava voimaharjoitus voi akuutista heikent\u00e4\u00e4 voimaharjoituksen j\u00e4lkeen teht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 kest\u00e4vyysjuoksu harjoitusta, mik\u00e4 voidaan havaita muutoksista juoksun taloudellisuudessa, kinematiikassa sek\u00e4 lihasaktiivisuudessa. Kun voimaharjoitus toistetaan uudestaan n\u00e4m\u00e4 heikennykset saattavat olla pienentyneit\u00e4 hermolihasj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 suojelumekanismin ansiosta. T\u00e4t\u00e4 mekanismia kutsutaan toistoharjoitusvaikutukseksi (repeated bout effect). T\u00e4m\u00e4 ty\u00f6n tarkoituksena on tutkia, miten hermostollinen ja hypertrofinen voimaharjoitus vaikuttaa akuutista juoksun taloudellisuuteen, kinematiikkaan ja lihasaktiivisuuteen 48 tuntia my\u00f6hemmin teht\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 kest\u00e4vyystestiss\u00e4. Tarkoituksena on my\u00f6s saada tietoa onko toistoharjoitusvaikutuksella merkityst\u00e4 n\u00e4iss\u00e4 muuttujissa, kun harjoitukset toistetaan kolme kertaa. \nMenetelm\u00e4t. 12 kest\u00e4vyyskuntoilijaa jaettiin hermostolliseen (HER) ja hypertrofiseen (HYP) ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. Tutkimus sis\u00e4lsi 2 esimittausviikkoa ja 3 tutkimusviikkoa. Koehenkil\u00f6t suorittivat ensimm\u00e4isen (kontrolli) kest\u00e4vyystestin ilman aiempaa voimaharjoitusta. Seuraavat 3 kest\u00e4vyystesti\u00e4 suoritettiin 48 tuntia joko hypertrofisen tai hermollisen voimaharjoituksen j\u00e4lkeen, ryhm\u00e4n mukaisesti. Maksimaalinen isometrinen jalkapr\u00e4ssi ja esikevennyshyppy suoritettiin ennen jokaista kest\u00e4vyystesti\u00e4, kuten my\u00f6s lihasarkuuden subjektiivinen arviointi visuaalisen skaalan (VAS) avulla. Kest\u00e4vyystestin aikana mitattiin, laktaattia, hapenkulutusta, sykett\u00e4, koettua kuormittuneisuutta, uupumukseen kulunutta aikaa, juoksun 2D kinematiikkaa sek\u00e4 lihasaktiivisuutta.\nTulokset. Hypertrofinen voimaharjoitus aiheutti suuren m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n lihaskipua kerralla 1, mutta kipu v\u00e4heni kerroilla 2 ja 3. Juoksun taloudellisuus, juoksun kinematiikka ja lihasaktiivisuus eiv\u00e4t osoittaneet merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 muutoksia ensimm\u00e4isen voimaharjoituksen j\u00e4lkeen. VO2 tippui merkitsev\u00e4sti anaerobisella kynnyksell\u00e4, kun verrataan ensimm\u00e4isen ja toisen voimaharjoituksen j\u00e4lkeen suoritettuja testej\u00e4 (45.6\u00b16.9 vs. 44.3\u00b16.5 ml/kg/min, p < 0.05). Samoin RER pieneni merkitsev\u00e4sti, kun verrataan ensimm\u00e4isen ja kolmannen voimaharjoituksen j\u00e4lkeen suoritettuja testej\u00e4 (1.01\u00b10.03 vs. 0.98\u00b10.03, p < 0.05). HER-ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 ei havaittu voimaharjoituksen aiheuttamia muutoksia juoksun taloudellisuudessa. Maksimaalinen kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyky parani merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti molemmilla ryhmill\u00e4.\nJohtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kset. Hypertrofinen voimaharjoittelu aiheutti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 lihasvauriota, mik\u00e4 johti pieniin muutoksiin juoksu taloudellisuudessa, juoksun kinematiikassa ja lihas aktiivisuudessa. N\u00e4m\u00e4 muutokset v\u00e4heniv\u00e4t seuraavissa voimaharjoituskerroissa, mik\u00e4 viittaa toistoharjoitusvaikutukseen. Toisaalta hermostollisella voimaharjoittelulla oli vain v\u00e4h\u00e4inen vaikutus juoksun taloudellisuuteen. Tulosten perusteella n\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4, ett\u00e4 hypertrofisen voimaharjoittelun suorittaminen voi vaikuttaa negatiivisesti 48 tuntia my\u00f6hemmin teht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n kest\u00e4vyysharjoituksen, kun taas hermostollinen voimaharjoitus ei n\u00e4yt\u00e4 vaikuttavan 48 tuntia my\u00f6hemmin teht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n kest\u00e4vyyssuoritukseen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Introduction. It has been long established that strength training has beneficial effects on endurance performance by improving running economy. Strength exercise induced fatigue can cause acute decrement of the subsequent endurance running session, which can be seen in changes in running economy, kinematics and muscle activation. When endurance exercise is repeated these changes might attenuate due to protective mechanism of neuromuscular system, called repeated bout effect (RBE). This study examines how neural and hypertrophic strength exercises impact running economy, kinematics, and muscle activation during a running economy test performed 48 hours later. It also evaluates if the repeated bout effect affects these factors when the exercises and test are done three times. \nMethods. 12 participants were divided to neural (NEU) and hypertrophic (HYP) group. Study concluded of 2 premeasurement weeks and 3 experimental weeks. Participants performed the first running economy (RE) test (control) without prior strength exercise. Then 3 next running economy tests (one per week) was performed 48 hours after either hypertrophic or neural strength exercise, based on assigned group. Maximal isometric leg press and countermovement jump performance was measured prior to all RE tests as well as subjective muscle soreness was assessed with visual analog scale (VAS). During RE test lactate, oxygen consumption, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, time to exhaustion (TTE), 2D running kinematics and lower limb muscle activity was measured. \nResults. Hypertrophic strength exercise induced great amount of muscle soreness after the bout 1 which then decreased to bouts 2 and 3. Running economy, running kinematics and muscle activation did not show any significant changes even after first strength exercise. VO2 significantly decreased at the anaerobic threshold when comparing bouts 1 and 2 (45.6\u00b16.9 vs. 44.3\u00b16.5 ml/kg/min, p < 0.05). Similarly, RER significantly decreased from bout 1 to bout 3 (1.01\u00b10.03 vs. 0.98\u00b10.03, p < 0.05). NEU group did not show any alterations caused by strength exercise in running economy test. Maximal endurance performance improved significantly for both groups.\nConclusion. It appeared that hypertrophic strength exercise resulted in a significant amount of muscle damage, which led to minor changes in running economy, running kinematics, and muscle activation during running. Nonetheless, these changes decreased during subsequent strength exercise bouts, indicating the occurrence of the repeated bout effect. In contrast, neural strength exercises had a negligible impact on running economy. Therefore, it is possible that performing hypertrophic strength exercises could negatively effect on the endurance workout conducted 48 hours later, whereas neural strength exercises may not.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-06-21T07:02:25Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-06-21T07:02:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "86", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "running economy", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "muscle activation", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "concurrent training", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "repeated bout effect", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Acute effects of hypertophic- and neural strength exercise on endurance performance, running economy, running kinematics and lower limb muscle activation", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202306214028", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomechanics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5012", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "liikeoppi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "juoksu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biomekaniikka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kinematics", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "endurance training", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "running", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biomechanics", "language": null, "element": "subject", 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