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Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, onko ampujan maksimaalisella hapenottokyvyllä ja maksimaalisella isometrisellä voimalla merkitsevää korrelaatiota heidän ampumatekniseen suoritukseensa: osumaan, tähtäyspisteen liikkeeseen ja tasapainoon. Tutkimuksella pyrittiin myös selvittämään, onko eri ryhmien väleillä eroja edellä mainittujen muuttujien suhteen. Lopuksi pyrittiin myös selvittämään, aiheuttaako ylipitkä ampumasuoritus havaittavia muutoksia mitatuissa muuttujissa.
Tämän tutkimuksen osallistujat rekrytoitiin Suomen ampumaurheiluliiton kiväärimaajoukkue ampujista: Miehet (n = 5, ikä 36,5 ± 8,0), naiset (n = 5, ikä 27,2 ± 2,4), juniori miehet (n = 8, ikä 18,6 ± 1,1) ja juniori naiset (n = 6, ikä 17,7 ± 1,0). Mittauksiin kuului ampumatekninen suoritus analyysi, maksimaaliset isometriset voimamittaukset ja polkupyöräegometri testi (VO2max). Pituus ja paino mitattiin kaikilta osallistujilta. Ampumateknisessä suoritusanalyysissä jokainen ampuja ampui ampumalaboratoriossa ylipitkän ampumasarjan (120 laukausta). Ampujat ampuivat laukaukset minuutin välein. Ampumamittauksiin kuului ampumatekninen analyysi, ampujan tasapainomittaus, VAS-jana kysely subjektiivisesta väsymyksen ja puutumisen tunteesta joka 20 laukaus. Ampumatekniikkaa analysoitiin käyttämällä kolmea muuttujaa: Osuma (laukauksen tulos), aseen pito horisontaalisessa (DevX) ja vertikaalisessa (DevY) suunnassa. Tasapaino mitattiin keskimääräisenä liikkeen nopeutena painon keskipisteestä anteroposterorisessa ((VelX) ja mediolateraalisessa (VelY) suunnassa, sekä vauhtimomenttina (VM) 3-0 sekuntia ennen laukausta. Maksimaaliset isometriset mittaukset tehtiin määrittämään osallistujien maksimaalinen isometrinen voima: vartalon ojennus ja koukistus, jalkojen ojennus, hauiskääntö, penkkipunnerrus ja puristusvoimat. Lopuksi jokainen osallistuja suoritti maksimaalisen polkupyöräergometri testin maksimaalisen hapenoton määrittämiseksi. Kaikki testit tehtiin samana päivänä/osallistuja.
Tulosten mukaan tähtäyspisteen liikkeellä ja osumalla oli merkitsevä korrelaatio: DevX, (ρ= -.738, p<0.001) ja devY, (ρ= -.686, p<0.001). Merkitsevä korrelaatio oli myös osumalla ja kaikilla kolmella tasapainomuuttujalla: VelX (ρ=-.689, p<0.001), VelY (ρ=-.700, p<0.001) ja VM (ρ= -.623, p<0.001. DevX korreloi merkitsevästi kaikkien tasapainomuuttujien kanssa: VelX (ρ=.674, p<0.05), VelY (ρ=.465, p<0.05) ja VM (ρ=.703, p<0.001). Tähtäyspisteen liikkeen muuttuja DevY korreloi myös merkitsevästi kaikkien tasapainomuuttujien kanssa: VelX (ρ=.561, p<0.05), VelY (ρ=.439, p<0.05) ja VM (ρ=.503, p<0.05). Tasapainomuuttuja VelX korreloi merkitsevästi kolmen maksimaalisen isometrisen voimamuuttujan kanssa (oikean- ja vasemman käden puristusvoima ja penkkipunnerrus), sekä VO2 max:in kanssa. Subjektiivinen arvio puutumisesta korreloi tasapainomuuttujien VelY ja VM kanssa. Osuman ja maksimaalisten isometristen voimamuuttujien ja VO2max:in välillä ei ollut korrelaatiota.Ylipitkä ampumasuoritus ei aiheuttanut merkitseviä muutoksia mitatuissa muuttujissa. Regressioanalyysin tulosten mukaan DevX selitti ampumatuloksen vaihtelusta 59 prosenttia.
Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat ampumatekniikka-analyysin tärkeyden ampujan suorituksen ymmärtämisessä ja analysoinnissa. On ratkaisevan tärkeää mitata ampujan teknikkaa siihen tarkoitukseen suunnitelluilla luotettavilla laitteilla, laitteistoilla ja mittausmetodeilla. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset tulisi rohkaista valmentajia ja urheilijoita ottamaan huomioon fyysisten ominaisuuksien, fyysisen harjoittelun ja lämmittelymetodien merkitykset ampumasuoritukseen.
The aim of this study was to research if there is a significant correlation between shooters’ maximal oxygen uptake and maximal isometric power with their shooting performance level: hit, aim point fluctuation, and balance. The study also investigated group differences in shooting technique performance. And finally, are there observable chances with measured variables in shooting performance caused by prolonged series?
Participants of this study were rifle shooters, recruited from a Finnish national rifle team: male (n = 5, age 36,5 ± 8,0), female (n = 5, age 27,2 ± 2,4), junior male (n = 8, age 18,6 ± 1,1) and junior female (n = 6, age 17,7 ± 1,0). Measurements included shooting technique analysis, maximal isometric measurements, and cycle ergometry (VO2max). Weight and height were measured from all the subjects. In shooting technique analysis each shooter shot in a shooting laboratory a prolonged series of shots (120 Shots). Shooters fired the shots at one-minute intervals. The shooting session measurements included shooting technique analysis, shooters' postural balance measurements, and filling VAS-line questionnaire of subjective feelings of fatigue and numbness of muscles with every 20 shots. Three variables were used to analyse the shooting technique to identify the chances of the barrel hold and the shot score during the test: Hit (score of the shot), horizontal stability of hold (DevX) and vertical stability of hold (DeVY). Postural balance was measured as the mean speed of movement in the center of the pressure in anteroposterior (VelX) and mediolateral (VelY) direction and as velocity moment (VM) during the time period 3-0 s before the shot. Maximal isometric measurements were carried out to determine the subject’s maximal isometric power: Body flexion and extension, leg extension, biceps curl, bench press, and grip strength. Finally, each subject carried out a maximal cycle ergometer test to determine VO2 max. All the tests were carried out in one day/subject.
The results pointed out there a was significant correlation between aim point fluctuation and score: DevX, (ρ= -.738, p<0.001) and devY, (ρ= -.686, p<0.001). There was also a significant correlation between Hit and all three balance variables VelX (ρ=-.689, p<0.001), VelY (ρ=-.700, p<0.001), and VM (ρ= -.623, p<0.001. Aim point fluctuation value DevX correlated significantly with all balance values VelX (ρ=.674, p<0.05), VelY (ρ=.465, p<0.05), and VM (ρ=.703, p<0.001). Aim point fluctuation value DevY correlated significantly with all balance values VelX (ρ=.561, p<0.05), VelY (ρ=.439, p<0.05), and VM (ρ=.503, p<0.05). Balance variable VelY correlated with three maximal isometric power variables (grip strength right and left and bench press) and VO2 max. Experienced physiological numbness correlated with balance values VelY and VM. There was no correlation between Hit and any measured maximal isometric power value or VO2 max. There were no significant changes with measured variables in shooting performance caused by prolonged series. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that DevX as an independent variable accounted for 59% of the variance in the shooting score.
The results of this study point out the practical meaning of shooting technique analysis relevance for understanding and analyzing the shooters’ performance. Measuring shooters’ techniques with reliable devices designed for shooting technique analysis is crucial. This study should also encourage coaches and athletes to consider the meaning of physical characteristics, physical training, and warm-up methods for shooting performance.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ahtiainen, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Mononen, Kaisu", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Wedman, Pasi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-11-24T10:33:50Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-11-24T10:33:50Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/92079", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, onko ampujan maksimaalisella hapenottokyvyll\u00e4 ja maksimaalisella isometrisell\u00e4 voimalla merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 korrelaatiota heid\u00e4n ampumatekniseen suoritukseensa: osumaan, t\u00e4ht\u00e4yspisteen liikkeeseen ja tasapainoon. Tutkimuksella pyrittiin my\u00f6s selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, onko eri ryhmien v\u00e4leill\u00e4 eroja edell\u00e4 mainittujen muuttujien suhteen. Lopuksi pyrittiin my\u00f6s selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n, aiheuttaako ylipitk\u00e4 ampumasuoritus havaittavia muutoksia mitatuissa muuttujissa. \n\nT\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen osallistujat rekrytoitiin Suomen ampumaurheiluliiton kiv\u00e4\u00e4rimaajoukkue ampujista: Miehet (n = 5, ik\u00e4 36,5 \u00b1 8,0), naiset (n = 5, ik\u00e4 27,2 \u00b1 2,4), juniori miehet (n = 8, ik\u00e4 18,6 \u00b1 1,1) ja juniori naiset (n = 6, ik\u00e4 17,7 \u00b1 1,0). Mittauksiin kuului ampumatekninen suoritus analyysi, maksimaaliset isometriset voimamittaukset ja polkupy\u00f6r\u00e4egometri testi (VO2max). Pituus ja paino mitattiin kaikilta osallistujilta. Ampumateknisess\u00e4 suoritusanalyysiss\u00e4 jokainen ampuja ampui ampumalaboratoriossa ylipitk\u00e4n ampumasarjan (120 laukausta). Ampujat ampuivat laukaukset minuutin v\u00e4lein. Ampumamittauksiin kuului ampumatekninen analyysi, ampujan tasapainomittaus, VAS-jana kysely subjektiivisesta v\u00e4symyksen ja puutumisen tunteesta joka 20 laukaus. Ampumatekniikkaa analysoitiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 kolmea muuttujaa: Osuma (laukauksen tulos), aseen pito horisontaalisessa (DevX) ja vertikaalisessa (DevY) suunnassa. Tasapaino mitattiin keskim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isen\u00e4 liikkeen nopeutena painon keskipisteest\u00e4 anteroposterorisessa ((VelX) ja mediolateraalisessa (VelY) suunnassa, sek\u00e4 vauhtimomenttina (VM) 3-0 sekuntia ennen laukausta. Maksimaaliset isometriset mittaukset tehtiin m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n osallistujien maksimaalinen isometrinen voima: vartalon ojennus ja koukistus, jalkojen ojennus, hauisk\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6, penkkipunnerrus ja puristusvoimat. Lopuksi jokainen osallistuja suoritti maksimaalisen polkupy\u00f6r\u00e4ergometri testin maksimaalisen hapenoton m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4miseksi. Kaikki testit tehtiin samana p\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4/osallistuja.\n\nTulosten mukaan t\u00e4ht\u00e4yspisteen liikkeell\u00e4 ja osumalla oli merkitsev\u00e4 korrelaatio: DevX, (\u03c1= -.738, p<0.001) ja devY, (\u03c1= -.686, p<0.001). Merkitsev\u00e4 korrelaatio oli my\u00f6s osumalla ja kaikilla kolmella tasapainomuuttujalla: VelX (\u03c1=-.689, p<0.001), VelY (\u03c1=-.700, p<0.001) ja VM (\u03c1= -.623, p<0.001. DevX korreloi merkitsev\u00e4sti kaikkien tasapainomuuttujien kanssa: VelX (\u03c1=.674, p<0.05), VelY (\u03c1=.465, p<0.05) ja VM (\u03c1=.703, p<0.001). T\u00e4ht\u00e4yspisteen liikkeen muuttuja DevY korreloi my\u00f6s merkitsev\u00e4sti kaikkien tasapainomuuttujien kanssa: VelX (\u03c1=.561, p<0.05), VelY (\u03c1=.439, p<0.05) ja VM (\u03c1=.503, p<0.05). Tasapainomuuttuja VelX korreloi merkitsev\u00e4sti kolmen maksimaalisen isometrisen voimamuuttujan kanssa (oikean- ja vasemman k\u00e4den puristusvoima ja penkkipunnerrus), sek\u00e4 VO2 max:in kanssa. Subjektiivinen arvio puutumisesta korreloi tasapainomuuttujien VelY ja VM kanssa. Osuman ja maksimaalisten isometristen voimamuuttujien ja VO2max:in v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei ollut korrelaatiota.Ylipitk\u00e4 ampumasuoritus ei aiheuttanut merkitsevi\u00e4 muutoksia mitatuissa muuttujissa. Regressioanalyysin tulosten mukaan DevX selitti ampumatuloksen vaihtelusta 59 prosenttia. \n\n\nT\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat ampumatekniikka-analyysin t\u00e4rkeyden ampujan suorituksen ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4misess\u00e4 ja analysoinnissa. On ratkaisevan t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 mitata ampujan teknikkaa siihen tarkoitukseen suunnitelluilla luotettavilla laitteilla, laitteistoilla ja mittausmetodeilla. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tulokset tulisi rohkaista valmentajia ja urheilijoita ottamaan huomioon fyysisten ominaisuuksien, fyysisen harjoittelun ja l\u00e4mmittelymetodien merkitykset ampumasuoritukseen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The aim of this study was to research if there is a significant correlation between shooters\u2019 maximal oxygen uptake and maximal isometric power with their shooting performance level: hit, aim point fluctuation, and balance. The study also investigated group differences in shooting technique performance. And finally, are there observable chances with measured variables in shooting performance caused by prolonged series? \n\nParticipants of this study were rifle shooters, recruited from a Finnish national rifle team: male (n = 5, age 36,5 \u00b1 8,0), female (n = 5, age 27,2 \u00b1 2,4), junior male (n = 8, age 18,6 \u00b1 1,1) and junior female (n = 6, age 17,7 \u00b1 1,0). Measurements included shooting technique analysis, maximal isometric measurements, and cycle ergometry (VO2max). Weight and height were measured from all the subjects. In shooting technique analysis each shooter shot in a shooting laboratory a prolonged series of shots (120 Shots). Shooters fired the shots at one-minute intervals. The shooting session measurements included shooting technique analysis, shooters' postural balance measurements, and filling VAS-line questionnaire of subjective feelings of fatigue and numbness of muscles with every 20 shots. Three variables were used to analyse the shooting technique to identify the chances of the barrel hold and the shot score during the test: Hit (score of the shot), horizontal stability of hold (DevX) and vertical stability of hold (DeVY). Postural balance was measured as the mean speed of movement in the center of the pressure in anteroposterior (VelX) and mediolateral (VelY) direction and as velocity moment (VM) during the time period 3-0 s before the shot. Maximal isometric measurements were carried out to determine the subject\u2019s maximal isometric power: Body flexion and extension, leg extension, biceps curl, bench press, and grip strength. Finally, each subject carried out a maximal cycle ergometer test to determine VO2 max. All the tests were carried out in one day/subject.\n\nThe results pointed out there a was significant correlation between aim point fluctuation and score: DevX, (\u03c1= -.738, p<0.001) and devY, (\u03c1= -.686, p<0.001). There was also a significant correlation between Hit and all three balance variables VelX (\u03c1=-.689, p<0.001), VelY (\u03c1=-.700, p<0.001), and VM (\u03c1= -.623, p<0.001. Aim point fluctuation value DevX correlated significantly with all balance values VelX (\u03c1=.674, p<0.05), VelY (\u03c1=.465, p<0.05), and VM (\u03c1=.703, p<0.001). Aim point fluctuation value DevY correlated significantly with all balance values VelX (\u03c1=.561, p<0.05), VelY (\u03c1=.439, p<0.05), and VM (\u03c1=.503, p<0.05). Balance variable VelY correlated with three maximal isometric power variables (grip strength right and left and bench press) and VO2 max. Experienced physiological numbness correlated with balance values VelY and VM. There was no correlation between Hit and any measured maximal isometric power value or VO2 max. There were no significant changes with measured variables in shooting performance caused by prolonged series. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that DevX as an independent variable accounted for 59% of the variance in the shooting score. \n\nThe results of this study point out the practical meaning of shooting technique analysis relevance for understanding and analyzing the shooters\u2019 performance. Measuring shooters\u2019 techniques with reliable devices designed for shooting technique analysis is crucial. This study should also encourage coaches and athletes to consider the meaning of physical characteristics, physical training, and warm-up methods for shooting performance.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2023-11-24T10:33:50Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-11-24T10:33:50Z (GMT). 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