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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Piitulainen, Harri", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Onnia, Vesa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-08-16T05:37:38Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-08-16T05:37:38Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/88544", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Johdanto. Motorisen aivokuoren alueita on aiemmin kartoitettu silt\u00e4 kannalta, ett\u00e4 yksitt\u00e4isill\u00e4 lihaksilla on aivokuorella edustusalueita, joista niit\u00e4 kontrolloidaan. V\u00e4hitellen on ymm\u00e4rretty, ett\u00e4 t\u00e4llaiset edustusalueet ovat p\u00e4\u00e4llekk\u00e4isi\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n on oletettu olevan osoitus lihasten v\u00e4lisist\u00e4 synergioista, sek\u00e4 motorisen aivokuoren toiminnallisista alueista, joista toimintoja ohjataan. Motorisen aivokuoren kartoitukseen liittyv\u00e4 tutkimus onkin menossa toiminnalliseen suuntaan ns. toimintakarttojen l\u00f6yt\u00e4miseksi. T\u00e4llaisessa tutkimuksessa olisi edullista, jos tahdonalaisen liikkeen perusteella mitattuja tekij\u00f6it\u00e4 voitaisiin liitt\u00e4\u00e4 spesifeihin motorisen aivokuoren lokaatioihin. T\u00e4m\u00e4 vaatisi esimerkiksi mahdollisuutta liitt\u00e4\u00e4 transkraniaalisen magneettisen stimulaation (TMS) indusoimat motoriset her\u00e4tepotentiaalit (MEP) tahdonalaisesta liikkeest\u00e4 tallennettuun elektromyografiaan (EMG). Ennen t\u00e4t\u00e4 pit\u00e4isi tiet\u00e4\u00e4, kuinka tarkasti motorisen aivokuoren eri alueet voidaan erottaa toisistaan n\u00e4ilt\u00e4 alueilta stimuloitujen MEP\u2013signaalien perusteella. T\u00e4t\u00e4 tarkoitusta varten t\u00e4m\u00e4 opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6 k\u00e4sittelee useista TMS\u2013menetelm\u00e4\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en stimuloiduista yl\u00e4raajan lihaksista tallennettujen MEP\u2013vasteiden luokittelua niit\u00e4 vastaavien aivokuoren sijaintien mukaisiin luokkiin. My\u00f6s erilaisten lihasyhdistelmien vaikutusta luokittelutarkkuuteen tutkittiin.\n\nMenetelm\u00e4t. Tutkimuksen tulokset saavutettiin mittaamalla seitsem\u00e4\u00e4 vapaaehtoista koehenkil\u00f6\u00e4, joista jokainen osallistui yhteen mittausistuntoon. Abductor pollicis breviksen, flexor carpi radialiksen ja biceps brachiin pitk\u00e4n p\u00e4\u00e4n hotspot\u2013pisteit\u00e4 stimuloitiin TMS-sekvensseill\u00e4 intensiteetill\u00e4, joka oli 120% lepotilan motorisesta kynnyksest\u00e4 (rMT). \u00c4rsykkeiden aiheuttamat MEP\u2013vasteet mitattiin 16 yl\u00e4raajan lihaksesta. Saatua MEP\u2013raakadataa k\u00e4ytettiin monikerroksisten perseptroniverkko\u2013 (MLP) luokittimien rakentamiseen ja testaamiseen. Luokittelutarkkuuden perusteella arvioitiin luokittelun tehokkuutta ja eri lihasyhdistelmien kyky\u00e4 erotella MEP\u2013vasteet hotspot\u2013lokaatioiden muodostamiin luokkiin.\n\nTulokset. Korkeimpien luokittelutarkkuuksien mediaani oli 0.91 stimulusintensiteetill\u00e4 ja vastaava parhaiden luokittelutulosten antaneiden lihasyhdistelm\u00e4kokojen mediaani oli 7. Tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti korkeimman luokitustarkkuuden antaneet lihasyhdistelm\u00e4t olivat yksil\u00f6llisi\u00e4 sek\u00e4 yhdistelm\u00e4n koon ett\u00e4 yhdistelm\u00e4\u00e4n sis\u00e4ltyvien lihasten suhteen.\n\nJohtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kset. Luokittelu onnistuu hyvin, kun luokkina toimivat lihasten hotspot\u2013pisteet motorisella aivokuorella valitaan t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa esitetyll\u00e4 tavalla. Yksitt\u00e4isten lihasyhdistelmien, jotka antoivat korkeimman luokitustarkkuuden, arvioitiin olevan osoitus hermo\u2013lihaskontrollin yksil\u00f6llisyydest\u00e4, vaikka n\u00e4ill\u00e4 ei olekaan yht\u00e4 selv\u00e4\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 lihassynergioihin, kuin aikaisemmissa tutkimuksissa p\u00e4\u00e4llekk\u00e4isist\u00e4 lihasten edustusalueista on arvioitu. Lis\u00e4tutkimuksia tarvitaan sen selvitt\u00e4miseksi, kuinka l\u00e4hell\u00e4 toisiaan motorisen aivokuoren stimuloidut pisteet voivat olla, jotta luokittelu edelleen onnistuisi.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Introduction. In the cerebral cortex, areas of the motor cortex have previously been mapped from the point of view that individual muscles have specific areas in the cortex from which they are controlled. It has gradually been understood that the muscle representation areas on the cortex overlap. This has been assumed to indicate individual synergies between muscles and that the motor cortex contains functional areas from which complex actions are controlled. Thus, research related to the mapping of the motor cortex is going in a functional direction aiming to find so\u2013called action maps. For this kind of research, it would be advantageous if different factors measured from voluntary movement could be connected to specific locations of the motor cortex. This would require, for example, to be able to connect motor evoked potentials (MEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the electromyography (EMG) recorded from voluntary movement. Before this, one should know how accurately different areas of the motor cortex can be separated from each other based on the MEP signals stimulated from these areas. For this purpose, this thesis deals with the classification of cortical stimulus locations according to MEP patterns recorded from multiple upper\u2013limb muscles induced by TMS. The effect of different muscle combinations on classification accuracy was also investigated.\n\nMethods. Results in this study were achieved by measuring seven volunteers, who participated in one measurement session. The hotspot locations of the abductor pollicis brevis, flexor carpi radialis and biceps brachii\u2019s long head were stimulated by TMS sequences at 120% of resting motor threshold (rMT) stimulus intensity. The MEPs elicited by the stimuli were recorded in 16 muscles of the upper limb. The obtained raw MEP data was used to build and test multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifiers. Based on the classification accuracy, the effectiveness of the classification and the ability of different muscle combinations to separate MEP patterns into the classes formed by the hotspot locations were evaluated.\n\nResults. The median of the highest estimated mean classification accuracy was 0.91 and the corresponding median of combination size was 7. The muscle combinations that gave statistically significantly the highest classification accuracy were unique in terms of both the combination size and the muscles included in the combination.\n\nConclusion. The classification succeeds well when the muscle hotspots on the motor cortex, which act as classes, are selected as presented in this study. Individual muscle combinations giving the highest classification accuracies were assumed to indicate the individual versatility of neuromuscular control, although there is not as clear connection to muscle synergies as previous studies have established. Further studies are needed to clarify how close to each other the stimulated points of the motor cortex can be for the classification to be successful.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-08-16T05:37:38Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-08-16T05:37:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "117", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "sensorimotor control", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "motor evoked potential", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "multilayer perceptron", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "functional brain mapping", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Classification of cortical TMS locations according to multiple upper limb muscle responses", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202308164654", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomechanics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5012", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lihakset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "motoriikka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "transkraniaalinen magneettistimulaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "luokitus (toiminta)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "muscles", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "motor functions", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "transcranial magnetic stimulation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "classification", "language": null, "element": "subject", 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