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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ahtiainen, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Walker, Simon", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Gonzalo, Gomez-Guerrero", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "H\u00e4kkinen, Ella", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-06-13T08:50:31Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-06-13T08:50:31Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87704", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkimuksessa tarkastelun kohteena oli kortikospinaalisen \u00e4rsytett\u00e4vyyden ja inhibition muutokset voimaharjoittelun sek\u00e4 sit\u00e4 seuraavan harjoitustauon my\u00f6t\u00e4 sek\u00e4 kortikospinaalisen radan toiminnan muutosten yhteydet maksimi- ja nopeusvoimassa tapahtuviin muutoksiin. Kortikospinaalinen rata vastaa l\u00e4hes kaikesta motorisen toiminnan ohjauksesta ja kortikospinaalisen \u00e4rsytett\u00e4vyyden parantumisen sek\u00e4 inhibition v\u00e4hentymisen on todettu olevan yhteydess\u00e4 parantuneeseen voimantuottoon. Tutkimuksia kortikospinaalisen radan muutoksista voimaharjoittelun my\u00f6t\u00e4 on jonkin verran, mutta muutosten yhteyksi\u00e4 maksimi- ja nopeusvoimaan on tutkittu vain v\u00e4h\u00e4n, etenkin harjoitustauon j\u00e4lkeen. T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi harjoitustauon vaikutuksista nopeusvoimaan on hyvin v\u00e4h\u00e4n tutkimustietoa ja tutkimusten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 on havaittavissa paljon ristiriitaisuutta. N\u00e4in ollen aiheiden tutkiminen on perusteltua.\nTutkimukseen osallistui harjoittelemattomia aikuisia (n=15), jotka toteuttivat seitsem\u00e4n viikon harjoitusjakson ja viiden viikon harjoitustauon. Tutkittavien voimantuoton muutoksia mitattiin maksimaalisella tahdonalaisella supistuksella (MVC) sek\u00e4 voimantuottonopeudella (RFD 50 ms, 75 ms ja 100 ms ajalta). Kortikospinaalisen radan toiminnan muutoksia mitattiin rectus femoris lihaksesta maksimaalisella M-aallolla (Mmax) sek\u00e4 transkraniaalisella magneettistimulaatiolla aikaansaatavilla motorisella her\u00e4tevasteella (MEP) sek\u00e4 \u201dhiljaisella jaksolla\u201d (SP). Mittaukset suoritettiin ennen ja j\u00e4lkeen harjoitusjakson sek\u00e4 harjoitustauon j\u00e4lkeen.\nVoimaharjoittelun my\u00f6t\u00e4 RFD 50 ms ajalta heikkeni (p<0,05), mutta MVC:ss\u00e4 tai kortikospinaalisen radan toiminnassa ei ollut havaittavissa merkitsevi\u00e4 muutoksia. Kortikospinaalisen inhibition v\u00e4hentymisen ja RFD:n heikentymisen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 oli kuitenkin havaittavissa positiivisia korrelaatioita. Voimantuotossa tai kortikospinaalisen radan toiminnassa ei ollut havaittavissa merkitsevi\u00e4 muutoksia harjoitustauon j\u00e4lkeen, mutta yksil\u00f6tasolla kortikospinaalisen \u00e4rsytett\u00e4vyyden laskun ja MVC:n laskun v\u00e4lill\u00e4 oli havaittavissa positiivinen korrelaatio.\nVoimaharjoittelulla ei siis ollut vaikutusta maksimivoimaan tai kortikospinaaliseen radan toimintaan. Voimaharjoittelun havaittiin kuitenkin vaikuttavan heikent\u00e4v\u00e4sti RFD:n alkuosaan, mink\u00e4 lis\u00e4ksi kortikospinaalisen inhibition laskun todettiin olevan yhteydess\u00e4 RFD:n heikentymiseen yksil\u00f6tasolla. Muutosten v\u00e4h\u00e4isyys selittyy todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti riitt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6m\u00e4ll\u00e4 voimaharjoittelulla ja/tai itse mittausmenetelmill\u00e4, jotka eiv\u00e4t olleet tarpeeksi sensitiivisi\u00e4 havaitsemaan muutoksia eiv\u00e4tk\u00e4 voimantuoton kohdalla vastanneet tarpeeksi hyvin harjoittelussa k\u00e4ytetty\u00e4 lihasty\u00f6tapaa tai nivelkulmia. Harjoitustauolla ei my\u00f6sk\u00e4\u00e4n havaittu olevan vaikutusta maksimi- tai nopeusvoimaan, eik\u00e4 kortikospinaalisen radan toimintaan. Harjoitustauon my\u00f6t\u00e4 ilmenneiss\u00e4 muutoksissa havaittiin kuitenkin yksil\u00f6tasolla yhteys kortikospinaalisen \u00e4rsytett\u00e4vyyden laskun ja maksimivoiman laskun v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Kyseinen tulos on merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4, sill\u00e4 aihetta on tutkittu aiemmin vain v\u00e4h\u00e4n ja havainto osoittaa, ett\u00e4 kortikospinaalisen radan toiminnan muutoksilla on mahdollisesti vaikutusta harjoitustauon my\u00f6t\u00e4 maksimivoimassa ilmeneviin muutoksiin. Tutkimuksia voimaharjoittelun ja etenkin harjoitustauon vaikutuksista kortikospinaaliseen rataan ja sen yhteyksist\u00e4 voimantuottoon tarvitaan kuitenkin lis\u00e4\u00e4, sill\u00e4 tutkimus tuloksissa on havaittavissa suuria vaihteluita, kuten t\u00e4m\u00e4kin tutkimus osoittaa. Tutkimusta olisi hyv\u00e4 tehd\u00e4 suuremmalla otoskoolla, sek\u00e4 jakamalla naiset ja miehet erillisiin ryhmiin, jotta my\u00f6s sukupuolten v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 eroja voitaisiin tarkastella.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in corticospinal excitability and inhibition after strength training and detraining. The study also examined the associations between the changes in corticospinal tract and maximal strength and power. The corticospinal pathway is responsible for almost all the control of motor function and improvements in corticospinal excitability and reductions in inhibition have been found to be associated with improved force output. Thus, while there has been some research on changes in the corticospinal tract after strength training, relatively little research has been done on the associations between those changes and changes in maximal strength and power. In addition, the amount of research on the changes and associations after detraining is even lower and some inconsistency between studies can be seen. Therefore, further research on this subject is needed.\nThe study involved untrained adults (n=15) who completed a 7-week training period and a 5-week detraining period. The changes in subjects' maximal strength were measured with maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD between 0\u201350 ms, 0\u201375 ms and 0\u2013100 ms). Changes in the corticospinal tract were measured from rectus femoris with maximal M-wave (Mmax) and with motor evoked potential (MEP) and silent period (SP) which were induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Measurements were performed before and after the training period and after the detraining.\nRFD between 0\u201350 ms decreased after strength training, but no significant changes were observed in MVC or in the corticospinal excitability or inhibition. However, positive correlations were observed at the individual level between the reduction in corticospinal inhibition and RFD. No significant changes in maximal strength, power or corticospinal excitability or inhibition were observed after the detraining, but a positive correlation was observed at the individual level between the decrease in corticospinal excitability and in MVC.\nStrength training had no effect on maximal strength or corticospinal excitability or inhibition. However, strength training caused a decrease in the initial part of the RFD. In addition, decrease in corticospinal inhibition was found to be associated with the decrease in RFD at the individual level. The lack of changes in other parameters is likely to be explained by insufficient strength training and/or the measurement methods used, which were not sensitive enough to detect changes. The muscle contraction type and joint angles used in strength training and in the MVC- and RFD-measurements probably also differed too much and thus no changes could be seen in the parameters in question. In addition, detraining was found to have no significant effect on maximal strength or power, nor on corticospinal excitability or inhibition. However, an association was found between the decrease in corticospinal excitability and the decrease in maximal strength at the individual level. This result is significant since little research has been done on the topic and the finding indicates that changes in corticospinal tract may have an influence on the changes in maximal force during detraining. Nevertheless, more research on the effects of strength training and detraining on the corticospinal tract and especially its association to power is needed. As this study also shows, there is a lot of variability in the results of studies. It would be recommended to conduct the study with a larger sample size, and to divide women and men into separate groups, so that gender differences could also be examined.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-06-13T08:50:31Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-06-13T08:50:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "86", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maksimivoima", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kortikospinaalinen rata", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "harjoitustauko", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Voimaharjoittelun ja harjoitustauon vaikutukset kortikospinaalisen radan toimintaan sek\u00e4 maksimi- ja nopeusvoimaan harjoittelemattomilla aikuisilla", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202306133772", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "transkraniaalinen magneettistimulaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "voimaharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "nopeusvoima", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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