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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Mikkonen, Ritva", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kettunen, Oona", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Per\u00e4talo, Merja", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-04-25T05:36:49Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-04-25T05:36:49Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/86548", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, miten Live High \u2013 Train Low and High -mallin (LHTLH) mukainen hypoksiajakso vaikuttaa kest\u00e4vyysurheilijoiden autonomisen hermoston palautuneisuuteen, r\u00e4j\u00e4ht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n voimantuottokykyyn ja submaksimaaliseen kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskykyyn. Lis\u00e4ksi haluttiin tutkia vaikuttavatko n\u00e4m\u00e4 muuttujat toisiinsa.\n\nTutkimukseen osallistui tutkittavina 16 vapaaehtoista kansallisen tai kansainv\u00e4lisen tason maasto- tai ampumahiiht\u00e4j\u00e4\u00e4 (11 naista, 5 miest\u00e4). Urheilijat asuivat nelj\u00e4n viikon ajan alppimajassa 2500 metrin korkeutta vastaavassa ilman happipitoisuudessa. Harjoittelua suoritettiin sek\u00e4 merenpinnan tasolla ett\u00e4 simuloiduissa hypoksisissa olosuhteissa. Autonomisen hermoston palautuneisuutta arvioitiin leposykkeen, sykev\u00e4livaihtelun ja ortostaattisen sykkeen mittauksien avulla. Subjektiivisia tuntemuksia analysoitiin harjoitusp\u00e4iv\u00e4kirjoista. Kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyky\u00e4 mitattiin maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn testill\u00e4 ja submaksimaalisella juoksumattotestill\u00e4. R\u00e4j\u00e4ht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 voimantuottokyky\u00e4 tutkittiin staattisella ja esikevennetyll\u00e4 hyppytestill\u00e4 sek\u00e4 reaktiivisella pohjehyppelyll\u00e4. Suurin osa tutkimuksen mittauksista analysoitiin nelj\u00e4lt\u00e4 suorituskykytestip\u00e4iv\u00e4lt\u00e4. Mittaukset suoritettiin viikkoa ennen hypoksiajaksoa sek\u00e4 hypoksiajakson viikoilla 2, 3 ja 4. Vain alku- ja loppumittauksista analysoitiin maksimaalinen hapenottokyky, kehon paino sek\u00e4 hemoglobiinimassa mitattuna hiilimonoksidin takaisinhengitysmenetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4.\n\nTutkimuksessa havaittiin tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4, noin nelj\u00e4n prosenttiyksik\u00f6n lasku happisaturaatiossa (p<0,001), 5,0 \u00b1 3,0 %:n (p<0,001) kasvu tutkittavien hemoglobiinimassassa sek\u00e4 1,8 \u00b1 1,7 % (p<0,001) kehonpainon lasku hypoksiajakson aikana. Maksimaalisessa hapenottokyvyss\u00e4 ei havaittu muutoksia. Autonomisen hermoston tilaa arvioivissa mittauksissa vain ortostaattisessa sykkeess\u00e4 havaittiin merkitsev\u00e4 15,3 \u00b1 13,5 bpm (p=0,009) kasvu hypoksiajakson aikana. Staattisen hyppytestin hyppykorkeudessa havaittiin 6,2 \u00b1 8,6 % (p=0,030) kasvu ja reaktiivisen pohjehyppelyn maksimaalisessa tehossa 4,5 \u00b1 6,8 % (p=0,031) kasvu alkumittausten ja kolmannen hypoksiaviikon v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Submaksimaalisen juoksumattotestin muuttujista ainoastaan RPE:ssa havaittiin merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 kasvua testikertojen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 hypoksiajakson edetess\u00e4. Autonomisen hermoston palautuneisuutta arvioivien sykemuuttujien, suorituskykytestien ja subjektiivisten tuntemusten muutosten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei havaittu korrelaatioita hypoksiajakson aikana. Tutkimuksessa vahvistettiin aiempien tutkimusten tuloksia hypoksian aiheuttaman happisaturaation ja hemoglobiinimassan muutosten osalta, sek\u00e4 havaittiin r\u00e4j\u00e4ht\u00e4v\u00e4n voimantuoton kasvua hypoksian seurauksena. Eri muuttujien v\u00e4listen korrelaatioiden osalta tutkimuksen tulokset j\u00e4iv\u00e4t odotettua heikommiksi, mihin p\u00e4\u00e4syin\u00e4 ovat todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti tutkimuksen pieni otanta ja siten tulosten suuri hajonta sek\u00e4 erilaiset mittaustekniset asiat.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The main goal of this thesis was to investigate how a Live High \u2013 Train Low and High (LHTLH) period affects the autonomic nervous system\u2019s recovery, maximal force production and submaximal endurance performance in endurance athletes. The relationship of these variables was also examined. \n\nA total of 16 subjects (11 females, 5 males) including national and international level cross-country skiers and biathletes were recruited to the study. Athletes lived in hypoxic apartments where the air\u2019s oxygen concentration was set equal to the altitude of 2500 meters for four weeks. The athletes trained at sea level and in simulated hypoxic conditions. Resting heart rate, heart rate variability and orthostatic heart rate measurements were completed to estimate autonomic nervous system recovery. The endurance performance of the subjects was assessed with a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test and submaximal running tests. Static, countermovement, and reactive jumping tests were used to measure explosive force production. In addition, subjective feelings were recorded during the LHTLH period. Most of the measurements were performed on four different performance testing days. The measurements were completed within one week before the LHTLH period and during the hypoxic weeks 2, 3 and 4. The VO2max, body mass and hemoglobin mass measurement were completed only as a pre and post measurements.\n\nA significant, approximately four percentage point decrease in oxygen saturation (p<0,001), a 5,0 \u00b1 3,0 % (p<0,001) increase in the subjects\u2019 hemoglobin mass and a 1,8 \u00b1 1,7 % (p<0,001) decrease in body mass were noticed during the LHTLH period. Significant changes in VO2max were not observed. There was a 15,3 \u00b1 13,5 bpm (p=0,009) increase in the orthostatic heart rate between the pre measurements and the fourth week of hypoxia. No other changes in the heart rate variables were observed. The height of the static jump test increased by an average of 6,2 \u00b1 8,6 % (p=0,030) and the maximal power of the reactive jumping test increased by 4,5 \u00b1 6,8 % (p=0,031) between the pre measurements and the third week of hypoxia. There was an increase in submaximal running tests RPEs between different workloads during the LHTLH period. There were not detected any correlations between the hypoxia induced changes in heart rate variables and performance testing. The results of the previous studies were confirmed in this study regarding to the changes in oxygen saturation and hemoglobin mass. There was also observed an increase in the explosive force production during the hypoxic period. The relationships between the changes in different variables were not as clear as expected. The small sample size of the study, a large standard deviation and different technical aspects of the measurements were probably the main reasons for these unexpected results.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-04-25T05:36:49Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-04-25T05:36:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "83", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "hypoksiajakso", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "alppimaja", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Simuloidun hypoksiajakson vaikutukset autonomisen hermoston toimintaan ja elimist\u00f6n suorituskykyyn kest\u00e4vyysurheilijoilla", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202304252662", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyyslajit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hypoksia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "palautuminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "suorituskyky", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "autonominen hermosto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "urheilu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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