An anatomy of the infodemic a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter

Maailman terveysjärjestö WHO julisti koronaviruspandemian (COVID-19) maaliskuussa 2020. Pian sen jälkeen järjestön johtaja ilmoitti maailman taistelevan ei vain pandemiaa, vaan myös infodemiaa vastaan. Infodemia on tilanne, jossa valheellista tietoa on epidemianomaisesti liikkeellä suuria määriä eri...

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Päätekijä: Kuja-Kyyny, Laura
Muut tekijät: Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos, Department of Language and Communication Studies, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Aineistotyyppi: Pro gradu
Kieli:eng
Julkaistu: 2022
Aiheet:
Linkit: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/84783
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author Kuja-Kyyny, Laura
author2 Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Kuja-Kyyny, Laura Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Kuja-Kyyny, Laura Humanistis-yhteiskuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitos Department of Language and Communication Studies Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Kuja-Kyyny, Laura
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description Maailman terveysjärjestö WHO julisti koronaviruspandemian (COVID-19) maaliskuussa 2020. Pian sen jälkeen järjestön johtaja ilmoitti maailman taistelevan ei vain pandemiaa, vaan myös infodemiaa vastaan. Infodemia on tilanne, jossa valheellista tietoa on epidemianomaisesti liikkeellä suuria määriä erityisesti sosiaalisessa mediassa ja muualla internetissä. Tämän tutkielman aiheena on tämä infodemia Twitterissä kriittisen diskurssintutkimuksen ja argumentointivirheiden näkökulmasta. Tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää, millaisia diskursseja koronavirukseen ja koronavirusrokotteisiin liittyvä misinformaatio hyödyntää Twitterissä. Analyysin aineistona toimii 51 twiittiä (Twitter-päivitystä), joista osa on julkaistu alun perin englanniksi ja osa suomeksi. Twiitit on kerätty lokakuun 2020 ja toukokuun 2022 välillä. Twiitit jaettiin diskurssien perusteella kategorioihin, joista valittiin tyyppiesimerkkejä tarkempaan analyysiin. Analyysi osoitti, että yleisimmät näissä twiiteissä hyödynnetyt diskurssit liittyivät tunteisiin, politiikkaan, asiantuntijuuteen ja klikkiotsikkoihin (clickbait). Yleisin diskurssi liittyi tunteisiin vetoamiseen, etenkin vihaan ja pelkoon. Tutkimuksen tulokset ovat samansuuntaisia kuin aikaisempien tutkimusten löydökset; misinformaatio leviää tehokkaasti tunteisiin vetoamisen ja virheellisten argumenttien kautta. Tutkimustulokset paljastivat misinformaation leviämis- ja toimintatapoja sosiaalisessa mediassa, ja ne tulisi ottaa huomioon esimerkiksi media- ja tiedelukutaidon opetuksessa. Tämän tutkimuksen aineisto oli melko pieni, joten jatkotutkimuksissa voisikin olla hyödyllistä analysoida suurempaa aineistoa, mikä voisi tuoda lisävalaistusta tutkimusaiheeseen. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation in March 2020. Soon after the director-general declared that we are not only fighting a pandemic but also an infodemic, which means a situation where an abundance of false information spreads on social media and elsewhere on the internet. This infodemic on Twitter is the topic of this thesis, investigated through the lens of critical discourse studies and logical fallacies. The aim of the thesis was to find out what discourses are utilised in misinformation about coronavirus and coronavirus vaccines on Twitter. The data consists of 51 Tweets (Twitter posts), some of which were in Finnish and some in English. The data was collected between October 2020 and May 2022. The Tweets were categorised based on the discourses and representative examples were chosen for closer analysis. The analysis showed that the most common discourses utilised in the data could be categorised into emotions, politics, expertise, and clickbait. The most frequent of these was emotional discourse, which relied heavily on appealing to emotions such as fear and anger. The findings of the study were in concord with earlier research: misinformation spreads effectively through appealing to emotions and utilising other logical fallacies. The results of the study revealed mechanisms of the spread of misinformation online and should be considered in media and science literacy education. The dataset of the study was quite small and in future research a larger set of data might yield a more conclusive answer to the research question.
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spellingShingle Kuja-Kyyny, Laura An anatomy of the infodemic : a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter critical discourse studies logical fallacies misinformation Englannin kieli English 301 Twitter diskurssianalyysi COVID-19 sosiaalinen media discourse analysis social media
title An anatomy of the infodemic : a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter
title_full An anatomy of the infodemic : a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter
title_fullStr An anatomy of the infodemic : a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter An anatomy of the infodemic : a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter
title_full_unstemmed An anatomy of the infodemic : a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter An anatomy of the infodemic : a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter
title_short An anatomy of the infodemic
title_sort anatomy of the infodemic a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on twitter
title_sub a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter
title_txtP An anatomy of the infodemic : a critical discourse analysis of coronavirus misinformation on Twitter
topic critical discourse studies logical fallacies misinformation Englannin kieli English 301 Twitter diskurssianalyysi COVID-19 sosiaalinen media discourse analysis social media
topic_facet 301 COVID-19 Englannin kieli English Twitter critical discourse studies discourse analysis diskurssianalyysi logical fallacies misinformation social media sosiaalinen media
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/84783 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202301051138
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