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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Paavolainen, Leena", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2022-03-21T10:18:31Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2022-03-21T10:18:31Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "1999", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.isbn", "value": "978-951-39-7992-8", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "isbn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/80263", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The aim of the study was to investigate the importance of neuromuscular characteristics and muscle power as determinants of running performance in endurance athletes. It was hypothesized that the running performance of endurance athletes would improve by training their neuromuscular characteristics, including improvements in muscle power and running economy. A total of 65 male athletes performed a 5-km (5K) or 10-km (10K) time trial and maximal 20-m (V\u2082\u2080\u2098) or 30-m (V\u2083\u2080\u2098) speed test on an indoor track, and running economy (RE) tests on a treadmill and on the track. Maximal anaerobic (MART) and aerobic treadmill running tests were used to determine maximal velocity in MART (VMART) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO\u2082\u2098\u2090\u2093). The 10K led to a significant reduction in the neuromuscular characteristics and track VO\u2082\u2098\u2090\u2093 but these fatigue-induced changes did not differentiate between high (HC) and low (LC) caliber athletes. Instead, the mean contact times (CT) of constant velocity laps (CVL) during time trials correlated with V\u2081\u2080\u2096 and V\u2085\u2096. V\u2085\u2096 also correlated with V\u2082\u2080\u2098, CTs and stride rates in maximal 20-m run. HC had significantly shorter mean CTs of CVLs than LC. Preactivity of gastrocnemius (GA) in relation to the IEMG of the total contact phase during the CVLs was higher in HC than LC and the relative IEMGs of vastus lateralis in the propulsion phase compared to the IEMG of the maximal 20 m run were lower in HC than LC. The results suggest that ability to produce force rapidly throughout the 5K and 10K accompanied by optimal preactivation and contact phase activation were important for the running performance in endurance athletes. VMART correlated significantly with V\u2085\u2096, peak blood lactate concentration in MART (peak BlaMART), V\u2082\u2080\u2098 and V\u2083\u2080\u2098, and CT in the maximal 20-m run but not with VO\u2082\u2098\u2090\u2093. Middle distance runners had a significantly higher VMART, V\u2083\u2080\u2098 and peak BlaMART than triathletes and cross-country skiers further suggesting that VMART is determined by both neuromuscular and anaerobic characteristics and that VMART can be used as a measure of muscle power in endurance athletes. During the 9 weeks of training period the 5K time, RE and VMART improved in experimental group (E) but no changes were observed in control group (C). V\u2082\u2080\u2098 and 5J increased in E and decreased in C. VO\u2082\u2098\u2090\u2093 increased in C but no changes were observed in E. In the pooled data the changes in the 5K velocity during 9 weeks of training correlated with the changes in RE (VO\u2082) and VMART. These results showed that simultaneous explosive-strength and endurance training produced a significant improvement in the SK without changes in VO\u2082\u2098\u2090\u2093. This improvement was related to improved neuromuscular characteristics which were transferred into improved muscle power and running economy. In conclusion, a hypothetical model for distance running performance in endurance athletes was cpnstructed using the major determinants of performance of the present study: aerobic power, running economy, neuromuscular characteristics and muscle power.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Harri Hirvi (hirvi@jyu.fi) on 2022-03-21T10:18:31Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2022-03-21T10:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 1999", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.relation.ispartofseries", "value": "Studies in sport, physical education and health", "language": null, "element": "relation", "qualifier": "ispartofseries", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.relation.haspart", "value": "<b>Artikkeli I:</b> Paavolainen, L., H\u00e4kkinen, K., Nummela, A., Rusko H. (1999) Treadmill and\r\ntrack running physiological responses as determinants of 10-km running\r\nperformance. <i>Submitted for publication.</i>", "language": "", "element": "relation", "qualifier": "haspart", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.relation.haspart", "value": "<b>Artikkeli II:</b> H\u00e4kkinen, K., Paavolainen, L., Rusko, H., & Nummela, A. (1999). Neuromuscular characteristics and fatigue during 10 km running. <i>International Journal of Sports Medicine, 20, 516-521.</i> DOI: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-8837\"target=\"_blank\">10.1055/s-1999-8837 </a>", "language": "", "element": "relation", "qualifier": "haspart", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.relation.haspart", "value": "<b>Artikkeli III:</b> Paavolainen, L., Nummela, A., Rusko, H. (1999). Neuromuscular characteristics and muscle power as determinants of 5-km running performance. <i>Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 31(1), 124-130.</i> <a href=\"https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/1999/01000/Neuromuscular_characteristics_and_muscle_power_as.20.aspx\"target=\"_blank\">Full text</a>", "language": "", "element": "relation", "qualifier": "haspart", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.relation.haspart", "value": "<b>Artikkeli IV:</b> Paavolainen, L., Nummela, A., Rusko, H. (2000). Muscle power factors and VO2max as determinants of horizontal and uphill running performance. <i> Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 10(5), 286-291.</i> DOI: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010005286.x\"target=\"_blank\">10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010005286.x </a>", "language": "", "element": "relation", "qualifier": "haspart", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.relation.haspart", "value": "<b>Artikkeli V:</b> Paavolainen, L., H\u00e4kkinen, K., H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, I., Nummela, A., & Rusko, H. (1999). Explosive strength training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology, 86(5), 1527-1533.</i> DOI: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.5.1527\"target=\"_blank\">10.1152/jappl.1999.86.5.1527</a>", "language": "", "element": "relation", "qualifier": "haspart", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Neuromuscular characteristics and muscle power as determinants of running performance in endurance athletes : with special reference to explosive-strength training", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "doctoral thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:ISBN:978-951-39-7992-8", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_db06", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.relation.issn", "value": "0356-1070", "language": null, "element": "relation", "qualifier": "issn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "doctoralThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.digitised", "value": "2022", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "digitised", "schema": "dc"}]
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