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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ahtiainen, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "M\u00e4kinen, Tapani", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2021-06-29T05:34:01Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2021-06-29T05:34:01Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2021", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/76884", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Perinteiseen matalatehoiseen harjoitteluun verrattuna korkeatehoisen intervalliharjoittelun (HIIT) on n\u00e4ytetty parantavan kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyky\u00e4 tehokkaammin. Korkeatehoisen intervalliharjoittelun toimivin rytmitystapa ja yksitt\u00e4isen intervalliharjoituksen optimaalinen rakenne ovat kuitenkin viel\u00e4 avoinna. On ehdotettu, ett\u00e4 harjoituksen optimoimiseksi urheilijan tulisi pyrki\u00e4 ty\u00f6skentelem\u00e4\u00e4n mahdollisimman pitk\u00e4\u00e4n maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn (VO2max) tason l\u00e4hell\u00e4. Koska tuotettu teho ja kuljettu vauhti eiv\u00e4t ole aina toisiinsa lineaarisesti yhteydess\u00e4, on suositeltu, ett\u00e4 urheilija pyrkisi harjoituksessa yksinkertaisesti vain mahdollisimman kovaan keskinopeuteen. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli verrata koetulta rasitustasoltaan yht\u00e4l\u00e4isten lyhyiden ja pitkien intervallien vaikutusta kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskykyyn sek\u00e4 vertailla intervalliprotokollia maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn l\u00e4hell\u00e4 vietetyn ajan suhteen.\nTutkimukseen osallistui 10 kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelutaustaista tutkittavaa (3 miest\u00e4, 7 naista). Maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn testin (VO2max-testi) p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6snopeuden perusteella kesken\u00e4\u00e4n samantasoiset osallistujat jaettiin arvalla kahteen eri ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. Nelj\u00e4n viikon intervention aikana yksi ryhm\u00e4 teki lyhyit\u00e4 intervalleja (SI 3 x 10 x 30 s / 15 s / 150 s) ja toinen ryhm\u00e4 pitki\u00e4 intervalleja (LI 4 x 4 min / 2 min). Harjoitusjakso sis\u00e4lsi 10 intervalliharjoitusta korkeimmalla mahdollisella keskinopeudella. Intervallien v\u00e4liset palautukset olivat aktiivisia ja ne tehtiin 50 % teholla maksimaalisen hapenottokyvyn testin loppunopeudesta. Testiviikot ennen harjoitusjaksoa ja sen j\u00e4lkeen sis\u00e4lsiv\u00e4t VO2max-testin, maksimaalisen anaerobisen juoksutestin (MART) kevennyshypyill\u00e4 sek\u00e4 20 m lent\u00e4v\u00e4n juoksutestin.\nKummallakaan ryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4 ei tapahtunut merkitsevi\u00e4 muutoksia VO2max-testin loppuvauhdissa (p > 0.05). LI paransi merkitsev\u00e4sti (p < 0.05) VO2max (45.5 \u00b1 4.4 -> 48.0 \u00b1 5.0 ml/kg/min), anaerobisen kynnyksen nopeutta (12.60 \u00b1 1.14 -> 13.00 \u00b1 1.22 km/h) sek\u00e4 MART:n maksiminopeutta (20.34 \u00b1 1.43 -> 21.08 \u00b1 2.18 km/h). SI:ll\u00e4 anaerobisen kynnyksen syke laski merkitsev\u00e4sti (178 \u00b1 8 krt/min -> 176 \u00b1 6), mutta VO2max, anaerobisen kynnyksen nopeus tai MART:n maksiminopeus eiv\u00e4t muuttuneet. Ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei ollut eroja mitattujen muuttujien suhteellisissa muutoksissa. Aika l\u00e4hell\u00e4 maksimaalista hapenottokyky\u00e4 ei eronnut ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4, eik\u00e4 se ollut yhteydess\u00e4 yksil\u00f6n kuntotasoon tai suorituskyvyn muutokseen.\nTutkimuksen mukaan pitkill\u00e4 intervalleilla voidaan parantaa maksimaalista hapenottokyky\u00e4, anaerobisen kynnyksen nopeutta ja MART:n maksiminopeutta. Vastoin useita aikaisempia tutkimuksia, t\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen mukaan lyhyet intervallit eiv\u00e4t aiheuta kest\u00e4vyyssuorituksen kannalta t\u00e4rkeit\u00e4 adaptaatioita pitki\u00e4 intervalleja paremmin. Korkeatehoisten intervallien ohjelmoinnissa t\u00e4ytyy aina huomioida urheilijan kuntotaso, harjoitustausta sek\u00e4 tavoitteet.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Compared to traditional low and moderate-intensity continuous exercise, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve endurance performance to a greater extent. How to best organize and construct HIIT sessions, is yet to be determined. However, it has been suggested that athletes should maximize the time spent at or near the level of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) to optimize the training stimulus. Additionally, it has been suggested that because the intensity is not a stable function of velocity due to variable conditions, athletes should pace the HIIT sessions by pursuing the highest sustainable speed. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of effort-matched short (SI) and long intervals (LI) on endurance performance. Another aim was to compare the time spent at or near VO2max between SI and LI protocols.\nTen moderately endurance-trained participants (3 males, 7 females) took part in the study. Based on the maximal speed of the incremental running test (VO2max test), same-level participants were randomly divided into two groups. During the 4-week intervention one group did short intervals, 3 x 10 x 30 s / 15 s / 150 s and the other group long intervals, 4 x 4 min / 2 min. Participants conducted ten sessions at the highest possible speed with active recovery at 50 % of the maximal speed of the VO2max test. Test weeks before and after intervention included VO2max test, maximal anaerobic running test (MART) with countermovement jumps and 20 m speed test. All tests were done on different days.\nNeither of the groups changed the maximal speed of the VO2max test significantly (p > 0.05). LI improved significantly (p < 0.05) VO2max from 45.5 \u00b1 4.4 to 48.0 \u00b1 5.0 ml/kg/min, the speed of the anaerobic threshold from 12.60 \u00b1 1.14 to 13.00 \u00b1 1.22 km/h and the maximal speed of MART from 20.34 \u00b1 1.43 to 21.08 \u00b1 2.18 km/h. SI lowered the heart rate at the anaerobic threshold from 178 \u00b1 8 to 176 \u00b1 6 bpm, but there were no changes in VO2max, speed of the anaerobic threshold or the maximal speed of MART. No between-group differences were found in the relative changes of the measured variables. The groups did not differ in the time spent at or near VO2max. The time spent at or near VO2max did not correlate with the change in performance. Fitness level did not predict the ability to spend time close to VO2max.\nThe results of the present study suggest that long intervals can be used to improve VO2max, the speed of anaerobic threshold and anaerobic capacity. In contrast to the previous studies, this study indicated that short interval training does not induce superior adaptations in endurance capacity compared to longer intervals. However, individual fitness level, training status and goals need to be considered when programming high-intensity interval sessions.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2021-06-29T05:34:01Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-29T05:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2021", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "54", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "maximal oxygen uptake", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "training intervention", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effects of short and long interval training on aerobic endurance performance", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202106294074", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "juoksu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hapenotto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "running", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "oxygen uptake", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "endurance training", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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