Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä

Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää urheilijoiden kokemuksia kilpaurheilun vaikutuksesta syömishäiriön syntyyn sekä tarkastella heidän ajatuksiaan syömishäiriöiden ennaltaehkäisystä. Tutkielma pyrkii edistämään parempaa syömishäiriöiden riskien ja ennaltaehkäisymahdollisuuksien tunnistamist...

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Main Author: Tammisalo, Inka
Other Authors: Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Liikunta- ja terveystieteet, Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:fin
Published: 2020
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/72075
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author Tammisalo, Inka
author2 Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Tammisalo, Inka Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Tammisalo, Inka Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Tammisalo, Inka
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description Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää urheilijoiden kokemuksia kilpaurheilun vaikutuksesta syömishäiriön syntyyn sekä tarkastella heidän ajatuksiaan syömishäiriöiden ennaltaehkäisystä. Tutkielma pyrkii edistämään parempaa syömishäiriöiden riskien ja ennaltaehkäisymahdollisuuksien tunnistamista urheilun parissa. Aihetta on alettu käsitellä enemmän ja avoimemmin vasta viime vuosina ja lisätutkimuksia aiheesta on toivottu. Toteutin tutkielman laadullisena käyttäen tutkimusmetodina fenomenologis-hermeneuttista tutkimusotetta. Aineistonkeruu menetelmänä käytin puolistrukturoitua teemahaastattelua, johon osallistui 4 syömishäiriön sairastanutta entistä tai nykyistä naisurheilijaa Jyväskylän, Tampereen, Helsingin ja Mikkelin alueelta. Tutkittavat valikoituivat syömishäiriön ja kilpaurheilutaustan perusteella. Kaikki tutkittavat edustivat eri lajeja, hiihtoa, jääpalloa, balettia ja uintia. Tutkittavien ikä vaihteli 17 ja 42 välillä. Tutkimusaineisto muodostui teemahaastatteluista, joiden kesto vaihteli 47 minuutista 91 minuuttiin. Yhteensä ne kestivät 245 minuuttia ja litteroitua aineistoa kertyi yhteensä 43 sivua (Arial 11, riviväli 1). Analysoin aineiston aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin avulla. Urheilijoiden syömishäiriön syntyyn kilpaurheilussa vaikuttaneet tekijät jakautuivat neljään pääluokkaan: vääristyneet mielikuvat sekä -myytit, valmentajan ja valmennustiimiin kuuluneen henkilökunnan haitallinen toiminta, puutteellinen tieto sekä menestyspaineet. Tutkielman tarkoituksena oli myös tarkastella urheilijoiden ajatuksia mahdollisista syömishäiriöiden ennaltaehkäisyn keinoista urheilun parissa toimivia ihmisiä ja ammattilaisia ajatellen. Omaa kokemusta peilaamalla ja tämän hetkistä urheiluvalmennusta ajatellen tutkittavat korostivat erityisesti valmentajien ja urheilun parissa toimivien henkilöiden koulutukseen ja asiantuntijuuteen panostamista, urheilijoiden oman hyväksynnän lisäämistä sekä syömishäiriöiden aikaisen tunnistamisen tärkeyttä. Tämä tutkielma vahvistaa osaltaan jo entuudestaan tiedossa olleita syömishäiriöille altistavia tekijöitä urheilun parissa, mutta samalla sukeltaa syvälle syömishäiriötä sairastaneiden urheilijoiden yksilöllisiin kokemuksiin nostaen esiin myös vakavia epäkohtia ja haasteita, joita urheilumaailmassa ei olla vielä ratkottu. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of athletes about the impact of competitive sports on the onset of an eating disorder and to examine their thoughts on the prevention of eating disorders. The number of athletes suffering from eating disorders has been too long too high. This study aims to better identify both risks and opportunities in competitive sports in the future, in order to be able to prevent the onset of eating disorders or at least to intervene in disrupted behavior in advance. In recent years this subject has begun to get more attention and further research and knowledge on the subject has been announced. This study was carried out qualitatively using a phenomenological-hermeneutic research approach as a research method. The data was collected through thematic interviews with 4 former or current female athletes with eating disorders from Jyväskylä, Tampere, Helsinki and Mikkeli areas. The participants were selected based on their backgrounds on eating disorders and competitive sports. The age of the participants ranged from 17 to 42. All the participants represented different sports, which were skiing, ballet, swimming and bandy. The research material consisted of thematic interviews, the duration of which ranged from 47 minutes to 91 minutes. In total, they lasted 245 minutes and a total of 43 pages of articulated material were accumulated (Arial 11, line spacing 1). The data was analyzed using data-driven content analysis. In this study, the factors that contributed to the onset of eating disorders in athletes in the context of competitive sports were divided into four major categories. These sections were divided into distorted images and myths about sports and success, negative actions by the coach and the staff on the coaching team, lack of knowledge about (nutrition, rest, eating disorders, injuries, dealing with disappointments) and pressures for success (inward and outward pressures). In addition, the aim of the study was to examine athletes' thoughts on possible ways to prevent eating disorders from the point of view of people and professionals involved in sports. Mirroring their own experience and considering current sports coaching and the world, they emphasized in particular investing in the training and expertise of coaches and those involved in sports, increasing athletes' own acceptance, and the importance of early detection of eating disorders, especially through courage and caring. This study reinforces already known factors causing eating disorders in sports, but at the same time delves deep into the individual experiences and grievances of the athletic world of athletes with eating disorders.
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spellingShingle Tammisalo, Inka Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä pakonomainen liikunta liiallinen liikunta Liikuntapedagogiikka Physical Education Teacher Education 502 kokemukset syömishäiriöt urheilijat urheilu liikunta anoreksia bulimia valmentajat elämänhallinta kohtauksittainen ahmimishäiriö
title Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä
title_full Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä
title_fullStr Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä
title_full_unstemmed Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä
title_short Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä
title_sort urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä
title_txtP Urheilun rooli syömishäiriön synnyssä
topic pakonomainen liikunta liiallinen liikunta Liikuntapedagogiikka Physical Education Teacher Education 502 kokemukset syömishäiriöt urheilijat urheilu liikunta anoreksia bulimia valmentajat elämänhallinta kohtauksittainen ahmimishäiriö
topic_facet 502 Liikuntapedagogiikka Physical Education Teacher Education anoreksia bulimia elämänhallinta kohtauksittainen ahmimishäiriö kokemukset liiallinen liikunta liikunta pakonomainen liikunta syömishäiriöt urheilijat urheilu valmentajat
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/72075 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202010096131
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