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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Aro, Tuija", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Koponen, Tuire", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Gaiani, Annika", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-18T08:11:14Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-18T08:11:14Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/70064", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa tutkittiin, onko matematiikan vaikeuksista (MV) k\u00e4rsivill\u00e4 lapsilla, my\u00f6s ongelmia nopean sarjallisen nime\u00e4misen (RAN) testiss\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n lis\u00e4ksi tarkasteltiin, vaikuttaako matematiikan sujuvuusvaikeuden vakavuusaste numeroiden, kirjainten ja esineiden ongelmien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n RAN-testiss\u00e4. Aikaisemmat tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, ett\u00e4 RAN on merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 ennustaja matemaattisille kyvyille, mutta ymm\u00e4rrys matematiikan ja RAN:n v\u00e4lisest\u00e4 yhteydest\u00e4 on edelleen ep\u00e4johdonmukainen, ja RAN:n yhteytt\u00e4 matematiikkaan ei ole my\u00f6sk\u00e4\u00e4n tutkittu paljon niill\u00e4 lapsilla, joilla on MV. Lis\u00e4ksi tutkittiin, liittyyk\u00f6 RAN matematiikan ongelmiin vain silloin, kun MV:n kanssa esiintyy p\u00e4\u00e4llekk\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 lukemisen vaikeuksien (LV) kanssa, vai liittyyk\u00f6 nime\u00e4misongelma my\u00f6s puhtaaseen matemaattiseen ongelmaan. Tutkimusotos perustuu suomalaiseen kliiniseen aineistoon, ja tutkimukseen valikoitui 336 lasta. Otos jaettiin ryhmiin matematiikan ja lukemisen sujuvuustestien sek\u00e4 RAN-teht\u00e4vien (numerot, kirjaimet ja esineet) pisteiden perusteella. Havaittiin, ett\u00e4 RAN-ongelmat ovat yleisi\u00e4 lapsilla, joilla on MV; 43.94 %:lla oli ongelmia RAN-numeroissa, 50.89 %:lla oli ongelmia RAN-kirjaimissa ja 49.19 %:lla esiintyi ongelmia RAN-esineiss\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 on selv\u00e4sti enemm\u00e4n kuin v\u00e4est\u00f6llisesti odotettu 7 % (raja-arvona k\u00e4ytettiin 1.5 KH vertailuryhm\u00e4n keskiarvon alapuolella). T\u00e4m\u00e4 tulos viittaa siihen, ett\u00e4 huono matemaattinen sujuvuus on yhteydess\u00e4 huonoon suoritukseen RAN-teht\u00e4viss\u00e4. Ristiintaulukointi ja \u03c72-testi paljastivat, ett\u00e4 ne lapset, joilla oli vakavampaa matematiikan sujuvuuden vaikeutta (m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin, mik\u00e4li matematiikan sujuvuustestin z-pistem\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 oli alle -2.5 KH) oli my\u00f6s enemm\u00e4n ongelmia RAN-numeroissa ja -kirjaimissa verrattuna lapsiin, joilla oli lievemp\u00e4\u00e4 matematiikan sujuvuuden vaikeutta (m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin, mik\u00e4li matematiikan sujuvuustestin z-pistem\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 oli -2.5 KH:n ja -1.5 KH:n v\u00e4lill\u00e4). Tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 ei l\u00f6ytynyt MV:n vakavuuden ja RAN-esineiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4, vaikkakin tulos oli l\u00e4hell\u00e4 merkitsevyytt\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4 havainto voi tarkoittaa sit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 kirjoitettujen symbolien (numeroiden ja kirjainten) nime\u00e4misongelmat viittaavat vaikeampiin matemaattisiin ongelmiin. Ongelmat esineiden nime\u00e4misess\u00e4 puolestaan ovat yhteydess\u00e4 eritasoisiin matematiikan vaikeuksiin, joten esineiden nime\u00e4misen testi ei n\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi erottelevan MV:n eri vakavuustasoja. Tulokset osoittivat my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 niill\u00e4 lapsilla, joilla oli sek\u00e4 MV ett\u00e4 LV, oli my\u00f6s enemm\u00e4n ongelmia RAN-numeroissa ja -kirjaimissa mutta ei RAN-esineiss\u00e4. N\u00e4ytt\u00e4isi silt\u00e4, ett\u00e4 komorbiditeetti lis\u00e4\u00e4 ongelmia RAN-numeroissa ja -kirjaimissa, mutta ei RAN-esineiss\u00e4. N\u00e4m\u00e4 havainnot voidaan tulkita siten, ett\u00e4 RAN-esineteht\u00e4vien suorittaminen vaatii jonkinlaisia kognitiivisia lis\u00e4prosesseja, jotka ovat keskeisi\u00e4 matematiikan ongelmissa, joko LV:n kanssa tai ilman. On ehdotettu, ett\u00e4 yksi t\u00e4llainen lis\u00e4prosessi voisi olla kyky palauttaa mieleen k\u00e4sitteellist\u00e4 tietoa muistista ja lapset, joilla on MV, saattavat osoittaa ongelmia juuri t\u00e4ss\u00e4 lis\u00e4prosessissa. Kaiken kaikkiaan RAN voisi olla hy\u00f6dyllinen ty\u00f6kalu tutkittaessa kognitiivisia prosesseja, jotka liittyv\u00e4t yksinomaan MV:iin, LV:iin sek\u00e4 komorbidiryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. T\u00e4m\u00e4 puolestaan voisi auttaa r\u00e4\u00e4t\u00e4l\u00f6im\u00e4\u00e4n interventio-ohjelmia sek\u00e4 yksitt\u00e4isiin oppimisvaikeuksiin ett\u00e4 komorbidi h\u00e4iri\u00f6ihin.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "This study examined whether children with mathematical difficulties (MD) show poor performance in rapid automatized naming (RAN), and whether the severity of the MD is associated with RAN performances. Previous studies have shown that RAN is a significant predictor for mathematical abilities, but the understanding of the association between mathematics and RAN are still inconsistent, and not a lot of research has investigated the relationship between RAN and mathematics in children with MD. In addition, this study researched whether RAN is related to math problems only when there is an overlapping reading difficulty or are deficits in rapid serial naming also related to the single MD. In the current study, 336 children from a Finnish clinical database were divided into groups, based on their scores on mathematical and reading fluency measures, and RAN tasks (numbers, letters, and objects). This study found that RAN deficits are very common among children with MD; 43.94% had a RAN numbers deficit, 50.89% had a RAN letters deficit and 49.19% exhibited a deficit in RAN objects. This is clearly more than the expected 7% in a normative sample (with a cutoff score of 1.5 SD below the reference group mean). This finding suggests that poor mathematical fluency is related to poor RAN task performance. Cross-tabulation and \u03c72 test revealed that children with severe MD (mathematical fluency test z-score below -2.5 SD) were more likely to have a deficit in RAN numbers and letters than children who had moderate MD (mathematical fluency test z-score between -2.5 SD and -1.5 SD). The severity of the MD was not statistically significantly associated with the performance of the RAN objects task, although it approached significance. This finding suggests that deficits in naming written symbols (numbers and letters) indicate more difficult problems in math. The deficit of naming objects seems to be associated with different levels of math difficulties, indicating that this task is not able to differentiate between different severity levels in MD. The last cross-tabulation and \u03c72 test showed that children with MD+RD were more likely to have a deficit in RAN numbers and letters than children with the single MD. Differently, children with both MD and RD, and children with the single MD did not differ statistically significantly in their RAN objects performance. These results showed that comorbid RD increases the number of children having deficits in RAN numbers and letters. In contrast, object naming seems to require some additional process that are central in math difficulties with or without comorbid reading difficulties. This additional process could be the ability recall conceptual information from memory, and children with MD might show problems in this additional process. Overall, RAN could be a useful tool in pinpointing what are the cognitive processes behind single MD and RD and the comorbid MD+RD. This could help to tailor intervention programs for both the isolated learning disabilities and for the comorbid type.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-18T08:11:14Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-18T08:11:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "32", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "mathematical disability", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "reading disability", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "comorbidity", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "RAN and mathematical disability", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "alphanumeric and non-alphanumeric RAN", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "RAN and learning disabilities : is there a special connection between mathematical difficulties and rapid automatized naming?", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006184275", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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"value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psykologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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