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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Haapanen, Mika", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "B\u00f6ckerman, Petri", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Zad, Youssef", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-06-08T09:58:40Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-06-08T09:58:40Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/69770", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena on valottaa l\u00e4\u00e4kkeiden velvoitevarastointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4 ja estimoida sen mahdollisia vaikutuksia l\u00e4\u00e4kkeiden hinnoitteluun.\n\nL\u00e4\u00e4kkeiden velvoitevarastointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n avulla l\u00e4\u00e4keyritykset velvoitetaan varastoimaan tiettyj\u00e4 kansallisesti t\u00e4rkeit\u00e4 l\u00e4\u00e4keaineita sellaisina m\u00e4\u00e4rin\u00e4, ettei niiden saatavuus vaarantuisi toimitush\u00e4iri\u00f6iden aikana. L\u00e4\u00e4kkeiden velvoitevarastointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 otettiin\nk\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n vuonna 1984, mutta lains\u00e4\u00e4d\u00e4nt\u00f6\u00e4 on muutettu useaan otteeseen sen k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6noton j\u00e4lkeen.\n\nVuonna 2009 velvoitevarastointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n uudistuksen my\u00f6t\u00e4 lukuisia uusia l\u00e4\u00e4kkeit\u00e4 p\u00e4\u00e4tyi j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n piiriin. Lis\u00e4ksi vuoden 2009 aikana otettiin k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n l\u00e4\u00e4kkeiden viitehintaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4 melkein samanaikaisesti velvoitevarastointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n muutosten kanssa, mik\u00e4 tekee hintavaikutusten arvioinnista hankalaa.\n\nMuutosten ero -mallin avulla hy\u00f6dynnet\u00e4\u00e4n sit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 vuoden 2009 lakimuutoksen aikana\nvelvoitevarastointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n p\u00e4\u00e4tyi useita uusia l\u00e4\u00e4kkeit\u00e4 ja useita l\u00e4\u00e4kkeit\u00e4 j\u00e4i j\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n ulkopuolelle. Velvoitevarastointiin p\u00e4\u00e4tyminen vaikuttaisi laskeneen l\u00e4\u00e4kkeiden hintoja keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 2,6 prosenttia tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti. Hintavaikutuksia havaitaan kuitenkin vain l\u00e4\u00e4kkeill\u00e4, jotka eiv\u00e4t p\u00e4\u00e4tyneet viitehintaj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4\u00e4n.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the mandatory reserves system of pharmaceutical products in the Finnish markets and to estimate its possible effects on pricing using microdata on pharmaceutical prices.\n\nMandatory reserves system was implemented to enforce pharmaceutical companies to store certain essential products in amounts that would ensure the availability of pharmaceutical products even if supply disruptions would occur. The initial legislation for mandatory reserves was enacted in 1984, but it has been adjusted multiple times since.\n\nIn 2009 new pharmaceutical products were introduced to the mandatory reserves system.\nFurthermore, in 2009 a reference pricing system was implemented almost simultaneously\nwith the policy change of mandatory reserves system, which makes the estimation of the\neffects of mandatory reserves difficult.\n\nThe difference-in-differences estimation method is used to exploit the fact that some pharmaceutical products were introduced to the list of mandatory reserves, while others were not. Statistically significant results are found indicating that the prices of pharmaceutical products fell by approximately 2.6 percent when they were assigned to the system. The\neffects are significant only for products not assigned to the reference pricing system.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2020-06-08T09:58:40Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-08T09:58:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "78", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "pharmaceutical markets", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "mandatory reserves system", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Mandatory reserves system and the pricing of pharmaceutical products in Finland", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202006084027", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University School of Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Taloustieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Business and Economics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Taloustiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Economics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "2041", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "l\u00e4\u00e4kkeet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hinnat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hinnoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "medicines", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "prices", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "pricing", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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