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Johdanto. Naisjalkapalloilijoiden kestävyyssuorituskyvyn on todettu olevan selvästi heikompi kuin miehillä etenkin verrattuna esim. nopeusvoimassa havaittuihin eroihin, joten kestävyyttä tulisi korostaa varsinkin naisjalkapalloilijoiden harjoittelussa. Juoksumäärän kasvattaminen lisää kuitenkin alaraajoihin kohdistuvaa iskutusta ja näin myös rasitusvammojen riskiä, minkä vuoksi suorituskyvyn ylläpitämiseen on ehdotettu käytettäväksi vesijuoksua. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli verrata kuuden viikon vesijuoksu- ja juoksuharjoitteluintervention vaikutuksia juoksumatolla mitattuun maksimaaliseen hapenottokykyyn (VO2max:iin) ja nopeusvoimaan.
Menetelmät. Tutkimukseen osallistui 28 nuorta kansallisen huipputason islantilaista naisjalkapalloilijaa. Heidät jaettiin vesijuoksu- (VJR) (n = 13, ikä 15,9 ± 0,9 v, pituus 167,3 ± 5,9 cm, paino 59,3 ± 9,5 kg) ja juoksuryhmään (JR) (n = 15, ikä 15,6 ± 0,8 v, pituus 166,2 ± 6,9 cm, paino 57,6 ± 6,5 kg) kuuden viikon interventiojakson ajaksi. Ryhmät osallistuivat lajiharjoittelunsa ohella joko vesijuoksu- tai juoksuharjoituksiin kolme kertaa viikossa. Tutkittavilta mitattiin kestävyyssuorituskykyä juoksumatolla suoritettavalla VO2max-testillä, sekä nopeus- ja nopeusvoimaominaisuuksia kevennyshypyillä, 5 × 30 m juoksunopeustestillä ja Illinoisin ketteryystestillä. Tulokset. Kummankin ryhmän VO2max kasvoi interventiojakson seurauksena (VJR: 2,7 ± 3,5 %, p < 0,05; JR: 4,8 ± 5,4 %, p < 0,05). JR paransi niin ikään VO2max-testin suoritusaikaansa ja maksimivauhtiaan (p < 0,05). Kevennyshyppytulokset olivat kehittyneet VJR:llä 3,1 ± 1,9 cm (p < 0,01) ja JR:llä 2,5 ± 1,6 cm (p < 0,001) intervention aikana. VJR paransi 30 metrin suoritusaikaansa (p < 0,05) ja JR 5 × 30 m kokonaisaikaansa (p < 0,05). Tarkastelluissa muuttujissa tapahtuneet muutokset eivät eronneet tilastollisesti merkitsevästi ryhmien välillä (p > 0,05). Pohdinta ja johtopäätökset. Tutkimus osoitti, että vesijuoksuharjoittelulla voidaan kehittää nuorten naisjalkapalloilijoiden juoksumatolla mitattua VO2max:ia yhtä paljon kuin juoksuharjoittelulla. Lisäksi havaittiin, ettei lajiharjoittelun ohella suoritettu vesijuoksuharjoittelu heikentänyt nopeus- ja nopeusvoimaominaisuuksia. Näin ollen osa (40–50 %) kestävyysharjoittelusta voidaan suorittaa vesijuosten, jolloin harjoittelulla voidaan saada aikaan parannuksia kestävyyssuorituskykyyn. Intensiteetti tulisi tosin pitää melko korkeana. Lajinomaisella harjoittelulla voitaneen varmistaa, ettei esimerkiksi juoksun kinematiikka heikkene.
Introduction. Aerobic fitness of female soccer players has been shown to be much lower than in men compared to the gender difference observed in speed strength characteristics. Thus, especially female players should focus on improving their endurance. Adding more running into the training program creates, however, more strain on the lower limbs and increases the risk of injuries. It has therefore been proposed that deep-water running could be used as a low impact training mode. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a six-week deep-water running training program on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measured on a treadmill as well as on explosive strength. The purpose was also to compare the changes to those produced by a regular running program. Methods. Twenty-eightIcelandic national level female soccer players participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups: the deep-water running group (DWR-G) (n =13, age 15,9 ± 0,9 yr., height 167,3 ± 5,9 cm, weight 59,3 ± 9,5 kg) and the land running group (LR-G) (n = 15, age 15,6 ± 0,8 yr., height 166,2 ± 6,9 cm, weight 57,6 ± 6,5 kg). Both groups trained three times a week for six weeks in addition to their regular soccer practices. Endurance, explosive strength and speed characteristics were measured before and after the intervention using the direct VO2max test, countermovement jumps (CMJ), 5 × 30 m repeated sprint test and Illinois agility test. Results. Both groups improved their VO2max (DWR-G: 2,7 ± 3,5 %, p < 0,05; LR-G: 4,8 ± 5,4 %, p < 0,05). In addition, LR-G increased their time and reached higher velocities in the VO2max-test (p < 0,05). CMJ height was improved by 3,1 ± 1,9 cm (p < 0,01) and 2,5 ± 1,6 cm (p < 0,001) for DWR-G and LR-G respectively. DWR-G enhanced their time in 30 m (p < 0,05) and LR-G improved their total time in 5 × 30 m (p < 0,05). The changes in the measured variables did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0,05). Discussion and conclusions. The present study showed that deep-water running is as effective as regular running in improving VO2max measured on land. Moreover, training deep-water running did not impair the speed and explosive strength characteristics of the subjects. A part (40–50 %) of the endurance training can be performed in water and thus enhance the aerobic fitness in running. However, it is important to keep the intensity quite high. Performing sport specific training at the same time might be necessary in order to ensure that the kinematics of running will not be influenced in a negative manner.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "H\u00e4kkinen, Keijo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Waller, Benjamin", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Nurmi, Ella", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2020-05-04T06:33:04Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2020-05-04T06:33:04Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2020", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/68803", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Johdanto. Naisjalkapalloilijoiden kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyvyn on todettu olevan selv\u00e4sti heikompi kuin miehill\u00e4 etenkin verrattuna esim. nopeusvoimassa havaittuihin eroihin, joten kest\u00e4vyytt\u00e4 tulisi korostaa varsinkin naisjalkapalloilijoiden harjoittelussa. Juoksum\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n kasvattaminen lis\u00e4\u00e4 kuitenkin alaraajoihin kohdistuvaa iskutusta ja n\u00e4in my\u00f6s rasitusvammojen riski\u00e4, mink\u00e4 vuoksi suorituskyvyn yll\u00e4pit\u00e4miseen on ehdotettu k\u00e4ytett\u00e4v\u00e4ksi vesijuoksua. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli verrata kuuden viikon vesijuoksu- ja juoksuharjoitteluintervention vaikutuksia juoksumatolla mitattuun maksimaaliseen hapenottokykyyn (VO2max:iin) ja nopeusvoimaan. \nMenetelm\u00e4t. Tutkimukseen osallistui 28 nuorta kansallisen huipputason islantilaista naisjalkapalloilijaa. Heid\u00e4t jaettiin vesijuoksu- (VJR) (n = 13, ik\u00e4 15,9 \u00b1 0,9 v, pituus 167,3 \u00b1 5,9 cm, paino 59,3 \u00b1 9,5 kg) ja juoksuryhm\u00e4\u00e4n (JR) (n = 15, ik\u00e4 15,6 \u00b1 0,8 v, pituus 166,2 \u00b1 6,9 cm, paino 57,6 \u00b1 6,5 kg) kuuden viikon interventiojakson ajaksi. Ryhm\u00e4t osallistuivat lajiharjoittelunsa ohella joko vesijuoksu- tai juoksuharjoituksiin kolme kertaa viikossa. Tutkittavilta mitattiin kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyky\u00e4 juoksumatolla suoritettavalla VO2max-testill\u00e4, sek\u00e4 nopeus- ja nopeusvoimaominaisuuksia kevennyshypyill\u00e4, 5 \u00d7 30 m juoksunopeustestill\u00e4 ja Illinoisin ketteryystestill\u00e4. Tulokset. Kummankin ryhm\u00e4n VO2max kasvoi interventiojakson seurauksena (VJR: 2,7 \u00b1 3,5 %, p < 0,05; JR: 4,8 \u00b1 5,4 %, p < 0,05). JR paransi niin ik\u00e4\u00e4n VO2max-testin suoritusaikaansa ja maksimivauhtiaan (p < 0,05). Kevennyshyppytulokset olivat kehittyneet VJR:ll\u00e4 3,1 \u00b1 1,9 cm (p < 0,01) ja JR:ll\u00e4 2,5 \u00b1 1,6 cm (p < 0,001) intervention aikana. VJR paransi 30 metrin suoritusaikaansa (p < 0,05) ja JR 5 \u00d7 30 m kokonaisaikaansa (p < 0,05). Tarkastelluissa muuttujissa tapahtuneet muutokset eiv\u00e4t eronneet tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (p > 0,05). Pohdinta ja johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6kset. Tutkimus osoitti, ett\u00e4 vesijuoksuharjoittelulla voidaan kehitt\u00e4\u00e4 nuorten naisjalkapalloilijoiden juoksumatolla mitattua VO2max:ia yht\u00e4 paljon kuin juoksuharjoittelulla. Lis\u00e4ksi havaittiin, ettei lajiharjoittelun ohella suoritettu vesijuoksuharjoittelu heikent\u00e4nyt nopeus- ja nopeusvoimaominaisuuksia. N\u00e4in ollen osa (40\u201350 %) kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelusta voidaan suorittaa vesijuosten, jolloin harjoittelulla voidaan saada aikaan parannuksia kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskykyyn. Intensiteetti tulisi tosin pit\u00e4\u00e4 melko korkeana. Lajinomaisella harjoittelulla voitaneen varmistaa, ettei esimerkiksi juoksun kinematiikka heikkene.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Introduction. Aerobic fitness of female soccer players has been shown to be much lower than in men compared to the gender difference observed in speed strength characteristics. Thus, especially female players should focus on improving their endurance. Adding more running into the training program creates, however, more strain on the lower limbs and increases the risk of injuries. It has therefore been proposed that deep-water running could be used as a low impact training mode. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a six-week deep-water running training program on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) measured on a treadmill as well as on explosive strength. The purpose was also to compare the changes to those produced by a regular running program. Methods. Twenty-eightIcelandic national level female soccer players participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups: the deep-water running group (DWR-G) (n =13, age 15,9 \u00b1 0,9 yr., height 167,3 \u00b1 5,9 cm, weight 59,3 \u00b1 9,5 kg) and the land running group (LR-G) (n = 15, age 15,6 \u00b1 0,8 yr., height 166,2 \u00b1 6,9 cm, weight 57,6 \u00b1 6,5 kg). Both groups trained three times a week for six weeks in addition to their regular soccer practices. Endurance, explosive strength and speed characteristics were measured before and after the intervention using the direct VO2max test, countermovement jumps (CMJ), 5 \u00d7 30 m repeated sprint test and Illinois agility test. Results. Both groups improved their VO2max (DWR-G: 2,7 \u00b1 3,5 %, p < 0,05; LR-G: 4,8 \u00b1 5,4 %, p < 0,05). In addition, LR-G increased their time and reached higher velocities in the VO2max-test (p < 0,05). CMJ height was improved by 3,1 \u00b1 1,9 cm (p < 0,01) and 2,5 \u00b1 1,6 cm (p < 0,001) for DWR-G and LR-G respectively. DWR-G enhanced their time in 30 m (p < 0,05) and LR-G improved their total time in 5 \u00d7 30 m (p < 0,05). The changes in the measured variables did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0,05). Discussion and conclusions. The present study showed that deep-water running is as effective as regular running in improving VO2max measured on land. Moreover, training deep-water running did not impair the speed and explosive strength characteristics of the subjects. A part (40\u201350 %) of the endurance training can be performed in water and thus enhance the aerobic fitness in running. However, it is important to keep the intensity quite high. Performing sport specific training at the same time might be necessary in order to ensure that the kinematics of running will not be influenced in a negative manner.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2020-05-04T06:33:04Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-04T06:33:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2020", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "72", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "hapenottokyky", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Vesijuoksuharjoittelujakson vaikutukset nuorten naisjalkapalloilijoiden aerobiseen suorituskykyyn ja nopeusvoimaan", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202005043022", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "naiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "jalkapalloilijat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyysjuoksu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "interventio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "vesijuoksu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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