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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Nurmi, Sami", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "M\u00f6nkk\u00f6nen, Keijo", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-12-08T13:05:25Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-12-08T13:05:25Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1644272", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/52233", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kosmologian standardimallina tunnettu LCDM-malli on vakiinnuttanut asemansa parhaana mahdollisena selityksen\u00e4 viimeaikaisille kosmologisille havainnoille. Ilman ns. inflaatiovaihetta malli t\u00f6rm\u00e4\u00e4 kuitenkin varhaista maailmankaikkeutta koskeviin vakaviin ongelmiin. Se ei kykene antamaan selityst\u00e4 avaruuden laakeudelle, taustas\u00e4teilyn tasaisuudelle, raskaiden reliikkihiukkasten puuttumiselle ja taustas\u00e4teilyn anisotropioille. Edell\u00e4 mainittujen ongelmien ratkaisuksi on esitetty kosmologista inflaatiota, jonka mukaan hyvin varhainen maailmankaikkeus on k\u00e4ynyt l\u00e4pi kehitysvaiheen, jossa sen koko kasvoi l\u00e4hes eksponentiaalisesti. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 pro gradu -tutkielmassa perehdyt\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4hdeaineiston avulla inflaation fysikaaliseen perustaan ja siihen, kuinka se ratkaisee standardikosmologiassa esiintyv\u00e4t ongelmat. Erityisesti pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n taustas\u00e4teilyn anisotropioiden synty\u00e4, sill\u00e4 ne heijastelevat varhaisia tiheysperturbaatioita, joista on ajan my\u00f6t\u00e4 kehittynyt universumin suuren mittakaavan rakenne. Tutkielmassa n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n, ett\u00e4 pelkk\u00e4 eksponentiaalisesti kiihtyv\u00e4 laajeneminen ratkaisee kolme ensimm\u00e4ist\u00e4 ongelmaa. Lis\u00e4ksi anisotropiat voidaan selitt\u00e4\u00e4 inflaation aikana tapahtuvilla kvanttifluktuaatioilla, jotka indusoivat h\u00e4iri\u00f6it\u00e4 gravitaatiopotentiaaliin ja sit\u00e4 kautta taustas\u00e4teilyn l\u00e4mp\u00f6tilaan. Perturbaatioiden tarkkaan k\u00e4sittelyyn tarvitaan kosmologista h\u00e4iri\u00f6teoriaa, jolle on tutkielmassa omistettu oma kappaleensa. Erilaisia inflaatiomalleja on hyvin paljon. Tutkielman tavoite ei ole esitell\u00e4 ja eritell\u00e4 malleja, joten tarkastelussa rajoitutaan yksinkertaisimpaan yhden kent\u00e4n slow-roll -inflaatioon. Inflaatioprosessin vaikutus kosmologisiin havaintoihin, kuten taustas\u00e4teilyyn ja galaksien jakaumaan, k\u00e4yd\u00e4\u00e4n l\u00e4pi ja ennusteita verrataan Planck-satelliitin viimeisimp\u00e4\u00e4n data-analyysiin vuodelta 2015. Lopuksi pohditaan inflaatioparadigman avoimia kysymyksi\u00e4 ja annetaan esimerkki vaihtoehtoisesta selitysmallista.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "LCDM-model, which is known as the standard model of cosmology, has established its position as the best possible explanation for recent cosmological observations. However, without a so-called inflationary phase, the model faces serious problems concerning the early universe. It is unable to explain the observed flatness of the universe, homogeneity of cosmic microwave background, absence of heavy relic particles and anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background. Cosmological inflation has been proposed as the solution for these problems. According to it, the very early universe has undergone a phase where its size increased almost exponentially. In this master's thesis, with the help of literature, we take a look at the physical foundations of inflation and investigate how it solves the early universe problems. Especially, we try to understand the origin of anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background because they reflect the primordial density perturbations which over time have evolved to form the large-scale structure of the universe. We will see that the exponential expansion alone can solve the first three problems. Moreover, the anisotropies are explained by quantum fluctuations generated during inflation. These fluctuations induce perturbations in gravitational potential and therefore in the temperature of the CMB. Cosmological perturbation theory is needed for accurate treatment of the perturbations so one chapter is devoted to it. Because of the large number of inflationary models, we restrict our attention to simplest single field slow-roll inflation. The effect of inflationary process on cosmological observations, such as CMB and galaxy distribution, is examined and predictions are compared to the latest data release of Planck satellite from 2015. In the end we consider open problems of the inflationary paradigm and give an example of an alternative theory.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Keijo M\u00f6nkk\u00f6nen (kematamo) on 2016-12-08 13:05:25.058152. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). JyX data: [jyx_publishing-allowed (fi) =True]", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2016-12-08T13:05:25Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201612084999.pdf: 1120839 bytes, checksum: 849de3a0b0b22c2c6018393c223d4f2d (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4794 bytes, checksum: c79c6ac2995ae058dc4ad72b6834de5a (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T13:05:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201612084999.pdf: 1120839 bytes, checksum: 849de3a0b0b22c2c6018393c223d4f2d (MD5)\nlicense.html: 4794 bytes, checksum: c79c6ac2995ae058dc4ad72b6834de5a (MD5)\n Previous issue date: 2016", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (72 sivua)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "rakenteiden synty", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kosmologinen h\u00e4iri\u00f6teoria", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Inflaatio ja rakenteiden synty", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201612084999", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Fysiikan laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Physics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Teoreettinen fysiikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Theoretical Physics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.updated", "value": "2016-12-08T13:05:26Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "updated", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": null, "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4024", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kosmologia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kosminen inflaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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