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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Riina", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2016-03-11T08:21:29Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2016-03-11T08:21:29Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2016", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1524258", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/49038", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen Riina. 2016. Kahden kaupungin p\u00e4iv\u00e4kotilasten motoriset perustaidot. Liikuntapedagogiikan pro gradu \u2013tutkielma. Liikuntakasvatuksen laitos, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto, 65s, 6 liitett\u00e4.\r\nT\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, mink\u00e4laiset ovat 4\u20136 -vuotiaiden lasten motoriset perustaidot. Tutkimuksessa haluttiin selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 my\u00f6s, miten kahden eri kaupungin p\u00e4iv\u00e4kotilasten motoriset perustaidot eroavat toisistaan. Samalla vertailtiin eri-ik\u00e4isten lasten v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 eroja, sek\u00e4 tytt\u00f6jen ja poikien v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 eroja motorisissa perustaidoissa. Lis\u00e4ksi haluttiin tarkastella miten hyvin p\u00e4iv\u00e4kotilapset hallitsevat motoriset perustaidot. Tutkimuksen koehenkil\u00f6in\u00e4 olivat 4\u20136-vuotiaat p\u00e4iv\u00e4kotilapset kahden eri kaupungin p\u00e4iv\u00e4kodeista. Mittaukset tehtiin syyskuussa 2014. Lapset valittiin tutkimukseen osallistuvista p\u00e4iv\u00e4kodeista vanhempien kirjallisen suostumuksen mukaan. Kokonaisuudessaan tutkimusaineistoon kuului 96 lasta, joista 30 oli poikia ja 66 tytt\u00f6j\u00e4. Tutkimuksessa motoristen taitojen mittaamiseen k\u00e4ytettiin Dale A. Ulrichin Test of Gross Motor Development Third Edition (TGMD\u20133) testi\u00e4. Aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisin menetelmin SPSS Statistics 22.0-ohjelmalla (IBM, Yhdysvallat).\r\nEri kaupungeissa asuvien lasten motorisissa perustaidoissa ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja. Ik\u00e4luokittaista vertailua varten lapset jaettiin 4\u20135 -, ja 6 -vuotiaiden ryhmiin. Ik\u00e4vertailussa todettiin merkitsev\u00e4 yhteys motoristen taitojen ja lapsen i\u00e4n v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Sukupuolivertailussa pojat saivat merkitsev\u00e4sti tytt\u00f6j\u00e4 paremmat pisteet v\u00e4lineenk\u00e4sittelytaidoista. Liikkumistaidoissa ei ollut sukupuolten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 eroa. Lasten motoristen taitojen hallintaa tarkasteltiin laskemalla onnistuneiden suoritusten prosentuaalinen osuus aineistosta. Prosentuaalisesti korkeinta taidon hallintaa lapset osoittivat liikkumistaidoista juoksussa, tasaponnistuksessa ja sivulaukassa. V\u00e4lineenk\u00e4sittelytaidoista prosentuaalisesti parasta taitojen hallintaa oli sivumailaly\u00f6nniss\u00e4 ja k\u00e4mmenly\u00f6nniss\u00e4 sek\u00e4 alakauttaheitossa. Prosenttiluvut taitojen hallinnassa eiv\u00e4t olleen korkeita, sill\u00e4 taitojen kehitys on 4\u20136-vuotiailla viel\u00e4 alkuvaiheessa. Keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin parasta taidon hallintaa lapset osoittivat juoksussa. Motoristen taitojen hallintaa selvitettiin tarkemmin seuraamalla TGMD\u20133 -testin laadullisten kriteerien t\u00e4yttymist\u00e4. Tarkastelun perusteella voitiin todeta, mitk\u00e4 liikkeiden laadulliset osa-alueet ovat haastavia kussakin ik\u00e4luokassa ja toisaalta, mitk\u00e4 osa-alueet lapset hallitsivat jo suhteellisen hyvin. Liikkumistaidoissa esimerkiksi k\u00e4sien ja jalkojen vuoroittainen, l\u00e4hes yht\u00e4aikainen liike osoittautuivat haastaviksi. V\u00e4lineenk\u00e4sittelytaitojen hallinnassa haastavaa oli esimerkiksi kiinniotossa pallon vangitseminen pelk\u00e4st\u00e4\u00e4n k\u00e4sill\u00e4, ei k\u00e4sivarsien avulla. Potkussa lapsille haastavaa oli pallon potkaiseminen rinta- tai sis\u00e4ter\u00e4potkulla, ei k\u00e4rkipotkuna.\r\nErot olisivat mahdollisesti kasvaneet tilastollisesti merkitseviksi, jos tutkimuksen otos olisi suurempi. T\u00e4ll\u00f6in voitaisiin pohtia esimerkiksi, millaista j\u00e4rjestetty liikunta p\u00e4iv\u00e4kodeissa on ollut. Tutkimuksen tuloksista saadaan kuitenkin siihen osallistuneille p\u00e4iv\u00e4kodeille hy\u00f6dyllist\u00e4 tietoa. Vuosina 2014\u20132015 koottua TGMD-3 -aineistoa voidaan hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 esimerkiksi verrattaessa mahdollisia muutoksia p\u00e4iv\u00e4kotilasten motorisessa perustaitotasossa pidemm\u00e4ll\u00e4 aikav\u00e4lill\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen Riina. 2016. Fundamental motor skills of preschool children in two towns. Master\u2019s thesis in physical education. The Faculty of Physical Education, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, 65s., 6 appendices.\r\nThe purpose of this study was to find out how are fundamental motor skills (FMS) of children aged 4\u20136 years. In this study the purpose was also to discover if there are differences in motor skills of preschool children living in small and big town environment. Study also compares the variances in FMS of children in different ages and differences between boys and girls. In addition, purpose of the study was also to find out, what children\u2019s level of mastery in FMS. The participants of this study were 4\u20136-years old preschool children from two towns. Altogether 96 children, 30 boys and 66 girls were tested in FMS. The data was collected in autumn 2014. Children were chosen to the research from the day care centers by an agreement from a parent. Children were tested with Dale A. Ulrich\u2019s Test of Gross Motor Development Third Edition (TGMD\u20133). Data was analyzed statistically with SPSS Statistics 22.0-program (IBM, United States).\r\nThere were no statistically significant differences in FMS between the towns. In order to find out the differences in FMS, children were divided to age-groups of 4\u20135 -, and 6 -years. A significant connection between FMS and child\u2019s age was displayed in the test results. In the comparison of sexes, boys got significantly higher scores in the object control subtest than girls. There were no statistically significant differences between boys and girl in the results of locomotor subtest. According to the percentages of children demonstrating mastery on TGMD-3 subtest skills, 4\u20136- years old children\u2019s level of mastery in FMS is not very high, because the development of FMS is in early stage. Fulfilling of TGMD-3 -test qualitative movement criteria was assessed by examining the percentages of successful executions. Some movement criteria proved to be more than challenging for preschool children. In locomotor skills most challenging criteria proved to be the opposite movement of feet and hands. In object control skills preschool children showed lowest mastery for example in the catch, here catching the ball only with hands and without using arms was challenging. Also kicking the ball with inner blade proved to be challenging.\r\nThe differences could have been significant with a bigger data, when examining the quality of physical education in preschools could have been interesting. The results provide useful information for the preschools that participated in this study. TGMD-3 data that is collected in 2014-2015 can be used in the future for comparing the possible long-term changes in FMS of preschool children.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Riina H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen (rihehama) on 2016-03-11 08:21:28.809431. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake). 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