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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kontturi, Saara-Maija", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2014-03-14T12:36:06Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2014-03-14T12:36:06Z", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2014", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.other", "value": "oai:jykdok.linneanet.fi:1310831", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/43076", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rilaitoksen perustaminen oli er\u00e4s niist\u00e4 Ruotsin valtakunnan valtiojohtoisista toimenpiteist\u00e4, joilla pyrittiin kohentamaan sotien ja kulkutautien seurauksena harventuneen v\u00e4est\u00f6n terveydentilaa. Sen my\u00f6t\u00e4 valtakuntaan asetettiin ensimm\u00e4iset yliopistokoulutetut alueelliset l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit. Piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reill\u00e4 oli etuoikeus virkansa harjoittamiseen, ja he olivat velvollisia raportoimaan toiminnastaan l\u00e4\u00e4kint\u00e4kollegio Collegium Medicumille.\r\n\r\nT\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa selvitet\u00e4\u00e4n piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reiden ammatillista toimenkuvaa ja heid\u00e4n tapaansa k\u00e4sitt\u00e4\u00e4 sairaudet ja hoitaa niit\u00e4. L\u00e4htein\u00e4 ovat piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reiden laatimat vuosikertomukset Collegium Medicumille vuodesta 1769 vuoteen 1809. Vuosikertomukset ovat raportteja piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reiden virkavelvollisuuksista, etup\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 heid\u00e4n hoitamistaan potilaista ja toimenpiteist\u00e4 kulkutautiepidemioiden hillitsemiseksi. Piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rin viran luonnetta, merkityst\u00e4 ja mahdollisia haasteita k\u00e4sitell\u00e4\u00e4n profession\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta. Sairausk\u00e4sityksi\u00e4 selitet\u00e4\u00e4n laadullisen analyysin ja hermeneuttisen menetelm\u00e4n keinoin, ja niit\u00e4 tukevat l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reiden k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4n kielen, erityisesti sairauksien nimien ja l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen k\u00e4sitteiden analyysi diskurssitasolla.\r\n\r\nPiiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reiden t\u00e4rkein teht\u00e4v\u00e4 oli sairaiden hoitaminen, ja vaikka heid\u00e4n potilasm\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4ns\u00e4 olivat rajallisia suurien toiminta-alueiden vuoksi, he tarjosivat kansalle yhden hoitovaihtoehdon kansanparannuksen rinnalle. Kyse oli my\u00f6s kilpailusta ja vastakkainasettelusta ep\u00e4virallisten parantajien kanssa, mutta l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit saattoivat hyv\u00e4ksy\u00e4 heid\u00e4n toimintatapansa, jos katsoivat ne asianmukaisiksi. Rahvaan ennakkoluulot l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4reit\u00e4 kohtaan kuitenkin rajasivat potilaat enimm\u00e4kseen s\u00e4\u00e4tyl\u00e4isiin. Viranhoito oli p\u00e4\u00e4osin sujuvaa, vaikka muutamat l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit valittivatkin vaivalloisista virkamatkoista ja palkan riitt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6myydest\u00e4 kuluihin n\u00e4hden.\r\n\r\nPiiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit olivat my\u00f6s tieteilij\u00f6it\u00e4 ja siten l\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen kehitt\u00e4ji\u00e4. Heid\u00e4n hoitomenetelm\u00e4ns\u00e4 ja sairausk\u00e4sityksens\u00e4 pohjautuivat yh\u00e4 antiikinaikaiseen oppiin kehon nesteist\u00e4 ja niiden tasapainosta, mutta sit\u00e4 t\u00e4ydent\u00e4m\u00e4ss\u00e4 oli useita rationaalisen p\u00e4\u00e4ttelyn muovaamia teorioita. Selityksi\u00e4 sairauksille etsittiin nesteiden lis\u00e4ksi esimerkiksi luontaisesta alttiudesta, s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00e4 ja tartunta-aineista. Monet yleiset sairaudet tarjosivat mahdollisuuksia my\u00f6s empiirisille havainnoille, ja hoitokeinojen toimivuutta arvioitiin vertailemalla. Vaikka l\u00e4\u00e4kkeet ja hoidot olivat usein potilaille raskaita, l\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit raportoivat useimpien parantuneen. Hoidon teho omassa viitekehyksess\u00e4\u00e4n selittyy suurilta osin sen kulttuurisella ja psykologisella merkityksell\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted using Plone Publishing form by Saara-Maija Kontturi (sakakont) on 2014-03-14 12:36:05.556824. Form: Pro gradu -lomake (1 tekij\u00e4) (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisulomakkeet/pro-gradu-lomake-1-tekijae). JyX data:", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija@noreply.fi) on 2014-03-14T12:36:06Z\r\nNo. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201403141347.pdf: 579809 bytes, checksum: 85b90234d4bf2bc74f24d72477560425 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4957 bytes, checksum: 97c4ef186a080993c5abcea8ee00280b (MD5)", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-14T12:36:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2\r\nURN:NBN:fi:jyu-201403141347.pdf: 579809 bytes, checksum: 85b90234d4bf2bc74f24d72477560425 (MD5)\r\nlicense.html: 4957 bytes, checksum: 97c4ef186a080993c5abcea8ee00280b (MD5)\r\n Previous issue date: 2014", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "1 verkkoaineisto (103 s.)", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "professio", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "sairausk\u00e4sitykset", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "l\u00e4\u00e4ketiede", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "parantaminen", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "hermeneutiikka", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Parantajat ja tieteentekij\u00e4t : piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit Ruotsin valtakunnassa 1700-luvun lopulta 1800-luvun alkuun", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title.alternative", "value": "Piiril\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4rit Ruotsin valtakunnassa 1700-luvun lopulta 1800-luvun alkuun", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": "alternative", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-201403141347", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Humanistinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Humanities", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": 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