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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, Heikki", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Siippainen, Emma", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2025-06-24T08:12:37Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2025-06-24T08:12:37Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2025", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/103914", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Siippainen, E. 2025. Associations between lower limb injuries and the menstrual cycle phases in football players. Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. Master`s thesis in Exercise Physiology. 63 p.\n\nElite female football has grown rapidly over the past decade, bringing health benefits, but also significant risk for lower limb injuries. Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle may influence injury risk by affecting neuromuscular control and connective tissue properties, though current evidence remains inconclusive. This study aims to examine associations between lower limb injuries and menstrual cycle phases in football players. \n\nDuring the three-season follow-up a total of 190 players reported injuries through a mobile application. Exposure was calculated for each player in days, but player years (days/365) were used in the analyses to obtain the injury incidence rate (IR) per player-year. A regression equation was used to separate the menstrual cycle into three different phases. Injury IR and ratios (IRR) were calculated for all injuries, by body parts and by injury types. \n\nA total of 54 eligible injuries were recorded during the study period. Most injuries occurred during the early follicular (n = 23) and luteal phases (n = 22) phases compared to the late follicular phase (n = 9). When standardized per 1000 person-years, the incidence rate (IR) of all injuries was highest in the late follicular phase (609; 95 % CI: 317\u20131170), followed by the early follicular phase (415; 95 % CI: 276\u2013624) and luteal phase (313; 95 % CI: 206\u2013475). No statistically significant differences in injury IRR were observed for total injuries or body parts when comparing different menstrual cycle phases. Muscle/tendon injuries showed a significantly higher IR in the late follicular phase (406; 95 % CI: 182\u2013904), with a significantly lower IRR during the luteal phase (IRR = 0.25; 95 % CI: 0.08\u20130.73; p = 0.012). In contrast, ligament/joint capsule injuries showed no significant results when comparing phases. \n\nThese findings suggest an increased risk of muscle/tendon injuries during the late follicular phase and a decreased risk in the luteal phase. They also suggest a possible association between menstrual cycle phases and injury risk, highlighting the need for further investigation with larger sample sizes with adequately identified menstrual cycle phases.\n\nKey words: female football, lower limb injuries, menstrual cycle, hormone fluctuations, injury risk", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Siippainen, E. 2025. Alaraajavammojen ja kuukautiskierron vaiheiden v\u00e4linen yhteys jalkapalloilijoilla. Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto. Liikuntafysiologian pro gradu -tutkielma. 63 s.\n\nNaisten huippujalkapallon suosio on kasvanut nopeasti viime vuosikymmenen aikana, tuoden mukanaan terveyshy\u00f6tyj\u00e4, mutta my\u00f6s lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneen alaraajavammojen riskin. Kuukautiskierron hormonaaliset vaihtelut saattavat vaikuttaa loukkaantumisriskiin hermo-lihasj\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4n ja sidekudosten ominaisuuksien kautta, mutta nykyinen tutkimusn\u00e4ytt\u00f6 on ristiriitaista. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 alaraajavammojen ja kuukautiskierron vaiheiden v\u00e4list\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 jalkapalloilijoilla. \n\nKolmen kauden seurannan aikana 190 pelaajaa raportoi vammoja mobiilisovelluksen kautta. Altistuminen laskettiin p\u00e4ivin\u00e4, mutta analyysiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin pelaajavuosia (p\u00e4iv\u00e4t/365) vammojen ilmaantuvuuden (IR) laskemiseksi. Kuukautiskierto jaettiin kolmeen vaiheeseen regressioyht\u00e4l\u00f6n avulla. Vammojen ilmaantuvuus ja suhteelliset ilmaantuvuudet (IRR) laskettiin kaikille vammoille, kehonosittain ja vammatyypeitt\u00e4in jaoteltuna. \n\nSeurannan aikana raportoitiin 54 kriteereihin sopivaa vammaa. Suurin osa vammoista tapahtui varhaisessa follikkelivaiheessa (n = 23) ja luteaalivaiheessa (n = 22), verrattuna my\u00f6h\u00e4iseen follikkelivaiheeseen (n = 9). Kun vammat suhteutettiin 1000 pelaajavuoteen (IR) se oli korkein my\u00f6h\u00e4isess\u00e4 follikkelivaiheessa (609; 95 % CI: 317\u20131170), sitten varhaisessa follikkelivaiheessa (415; 95 % CI: 276\u2013624) ja alhaisin luteaalivaiheessa (313; 95 % CI: 206\u2013475). Kaikkien vammojen tai kehonosittain luokittelun v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja eri kierron vaiheiden v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Lihas/j\u00e4nnevammojen ilmaantuvuus oli kuitenkin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti korkeampi my\u00f6h\u00e4isess\u00e4 follikkelivaiheessa ja matalampi luteaalivaiheessa (IRR = 0.25; p = 0.012). Nivelside/nivelvammoissa ei havaittu merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja. \n\nTulokset viittaavat lihas/j\u00e4nnevammojen suurempaan riskiin my\u00f6h\u00e4isess\u00e4 follikkelivaiheessa ja pienemp\u00e4\u00e4n riskiin luteaalivaiheessa. Havainnot tukevat mahdollista yhteytt\u00e4 kuukautiskierron vaiheiden ja loukkaantumisriskin v\u00e4lill\u00e4, korostaen lis\u00e4tutkimuksen tarvetta suuremmilla otoksilla ja tarkemmalla kierron vaiheiden m\u00e4\u00e4rittelyll\u00e4.\n\nAvainsanat: naisten jalkapallo, alaraajavammat, kuukautiskierto, hormonaaliset vaihtelut, loukkaantumisriski", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2025-06-24T08:12:37Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2025-06-24T08:12:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "69", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "CC BY 4.0", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Associations between lower limb injuries and the menstrual cycle phases in football players", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202506245674", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Liikuntafysiologian maisteriohjelma", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Master's Degree Programme in Exercise Physiology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.accessibilityfeature", "value": "ei tietoa saavutettavuudesta", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "accessibilityfeature", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.accessibilityfeature", "value": "unknown accessibility", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "accessibilityfeature", "schema": "dc"}]
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