The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S.

Real estate investing is divided into direct and indirect real estate investment, in which the first investor itself controls mostly residential or office property. Indirect real estate investment is performed via financial instruments, such as acquiring shares in stocks or indices. The unifying fac...

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Main Authors: Lirkki, Roni, Taipale, Aatu
Other Authors: Jyväskylän yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu, Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/103673
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author Lirkki, Roni Taipale, Aatu
author2 Jyväskylän yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Lirkki, Roni Taipale, Aatu Jyväskylän yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Lirkki, Roni Taipale, Aatu Jyväskylän yliopiston kauppakorkeakoulu Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Lirkki, Roni
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description Real estate investing is divided into direct and indirect real estate investment, in which the first investor itself controls mostly residential or office property. Indirect real estate investment is performed via financial instruments, such as acquiring shares in stocks or indices. The unifying factor for both forms of investment is real estate’s diversification benefits. The intention of the study is to receive timely information about the diversification benefits of indirect real estate investments through an equally-weighted portfolio. The study examines two different portfolios’ time-related total returns, modified Sharpe ratio and correlation between portfolio’s asset classes within varying time periods. The study’s second sample portfolio selected the FTSE NAREIT Index to present listed real estate, as it tracks all real estate companies listed in the U.S. Stock Exchange. The study is conducted as quantitative research, utilizing various established financial indicators and analysis methods. The study focuses on the investment market in the U.S. and includes an observation horizon from 2005 to 2024. Based on the study’s results, it can be suggested that the portfolio including real estate recorded more returns over the study’s observation period, while recording a greater overall portfolio risk. Cross-correlation relationships between portfolios’ assets, and correlations between the sample portfolios and the overall stock market imply how listed real estate acts as an efficient portfolio diversifier in a time-varying manner, especially over stable and positive market environments. When market volatility surges, these benefits diminish. According to the results, macroeconomic shifts tend to drive listed real estate’s correlation relationships, mainly with the overall stock market, which decreases the diversification benefits during the times when they would be most beneficial to protect the portfolio. Kiinteistösijoittaminen jaetaan suoraan ja epäsuoraan kiinteistösijoittamiseen, joista ensimmäisessä sijoittaja itse omistaa kokonaan lähinnä asuin- tai toimitilakiinteistöjä. Epäsuora kiinteistösijoittaminen tapahtuu erilaisten rahoitusinstrumenttien kautta, kuten hankkimalla osuuksia osakkeisiin tai indekseihin. Molempia sijoitusmuotoja yhdistävä tekijä on kiinteistöistä saadut hajautushyödyt. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on saada ajantasaista tietoa epäsuoran kiinteistösijoittamisen hajautushyödyistä tasapainotetun sijoitussalkun avulla. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kahden eri portfolion aikasidonnaisia kokonaistuottoja, modifioitua Sharpen lukua ja portfolion sisältämien omaisuusluokkien välistä korrelaatiota eri ajanjaksoilla. Toinen sijoitussalkuista sisältää FTSE Nareit indeksin, joka edustaa tutkimuksessa epäsuoraa kiinteistösijoitusta ja samalla kaikkia Yhdysvaltojen pörssiin listattuja kiinteistösijoitusyhtiöitä. Tutkimus toteutetaan määrällisenä eli kvantitatiivisena tutkimuksena hyödyntäen erilaisia vakiintuneita taloudellisia mittareita. Tutkimus keskittyy Yhdysvaltojen sijoitusmarkkinoille ja kattaa tarkasteluväliltään vuodet 2005-2024. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan todeta kiinteistösijoituksia sisältäneen portfolion tuottaneen paremmin tarkastelujaksolla, sisältäen kuitenkin keskiarvoltaan korkeamman riskitason. Omaisuusluokkien keskinäiset sekä portfolioiden ja osakemarkkinan väliset korrelaatiokertoimet indikoivat kiinteistösijoitusten hajautushyötyjä etenkin tasaisissa ja noususuhdanteisissa markkinatilanteissa. Markkinoiden volatiliteetin kasvaessa nämä hyödyt sen sijaan laskivat. Tulosten mukaan makroekonomiset muutokset ohjaavat kiinteistösijoitusten korrelaatiota erityisesti yleisen osakemarkkinan kanssa, joka vähentää kiinteistösijoitusten tuottamaa hajautushyötyä niillä hetkillä, jolloin sitä eniten tarvittaisiin.
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Indirect real estate investment is performed via financial instruments, such as acquiring shares in stocks or indices. The unifying factor for both forms of investment is real estate\u2019s diversification benefits.\n\nThe intention of the study is to receive timely information about the diversification benefits of indirect real estate investments through an equally-weighted portfolio. The study examines two different portfolios\u2019 time-related total returns, modified Sharpe ratio and correlation between portfolio\u2019s asset classes within varying time periods. The study\u2019s second sample portfolio selected the FTSE NAREIT Index to present listed real estate, as it tracks all real estate companies listed in the U.S. Stock Exchange. The study is conducted as quantitative research, utilizing various established financial indicators and analysis methods. 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spellingShingle Lirkki, Roni Taipale, Aatu The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S. Laskentatoimi ja yritysrahoitus Accounting and Corporate Finance
title The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S.
title_full The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S.
title_fullStr The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S. The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S.
title_full_unstemmed The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S. The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S.
title_short The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S.
title_sort role of listed real estate in multi asset portfolio diversification quantitative evidence from the u s
title_txtP The role of listed real estate in multi-asset portfolio diversification: quantitative evidence from the U.S.
topic Laskentatoimi ja yritysrahoitus Accounting and Corporate Finance
topic_facet Accounting and Corporate Finance Laskentatoimi ja yritysrahoitus
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/103673 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202506175474
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