A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas

Monet ultrarelativistisissa raskasionitörmäyksissä tuotetun kvarkki-gluoniplasman tasapainoa edeltävän tilan mallit perustuvat partonikaskadisimulaatioon. Käytämme tällaista mallinnusta kuvaamaan massattomista kvarkeista ja gluoneista koostuvaa kaasua, joka on tilavuudeltaan ääretön, homogeeninen se...

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Main Author: Kukkonen, Kosmo
Other Authors: Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sciences, Fysiikan laitos, Department of Physics, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/103140
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author Kukkonen, Kosmo
author2 Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Kukkonen, Kosmo Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Kukkonen, Kosmo Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Kukkonen, Kosmo
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description Monet ultrarelativistisissa raskasionitörmäyksissä tuotetun kvarkki-gluoniplasman tasapainoa edeltävän tilan mallit perustuvat partonikaskadisimulaatioon. Käytämme tällaista mallinnusta kuvaamaan massattomista kvarkeista ja gluoneista koostuvaa kaasua, joka on tilavuudeltaan ääretön, homogeeninen sekä yhtenäisessä vakiolämpötilassa. Tässä työssä olemme kehittäneet kineettisen kaskadisimulaation käyttäen geometristä törmäyskriteeriä ja todenneet sen olevan tarkka alueessa nσ^3/2 < 1, missä n on hiukkastiheys ja σ interaktion vaikutusala. Tätä testattiin vertaamalla simulaation tuottamaa törmäystaajuutta teoreettiseen arvoon. Partonisironnoille käytämme johtavan kertaluvun kvanttiväridynamiikan häiriö- teorian vaikutusaloja, joissa propagaattoreita on varjostettu Debye-massalla pienten ja suurten sirontakulmien singulariteettien estämiseksi. Käytämme myös yhden efektiivisen aliprosessin (SES) approksimaatiota tutkimaan gg → gg -prosessin pienillä törmäysenergian √s arvoilla esiintyvän divergenssin vaikutusta. Tutkimme simulaatiollamme kaukana tasapainotilasta olevien systeemien isotro- pisaatiota ja termalisaatiota tutkimalla leikkausjännitystensoria sekä vertaamalla liikemääräjakaumaa Boltzmannin jakaumaan. Alkutila, jossa joka hiukkasella on sa- mansuuruinen liikemäärä xy-tasossa, isotropisoituu aikavälillä 0.5 fm < t < 1.0 fm ja termalisoituu välillä 2.4 fm < t < 3.5 fm systeemin lämpötilasta riippuen. Huomasimme, että varjostusmassan muuttamisella ja odotetuilla alinta seuraavan kertaluvun korjauksilla on suuri vaikutus tasapainotilan saavuttamiseen. SES-approksimaatiota käyttämällä huomasimme, ettei pienen s:n törmäyksillä ole huomattavaa vaikutusta isotropisaatioon eikä termalisaatioon. Many models for pre-equilibrium evolution of the quark-gluon plasma in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions are based on a parton cascade framework. We use such a framework to simulate a gas consisting of massless quarks and gluons which is infinite in volume, homogeneous and at a constant and uniform temperature. In this thesis, we have developed a kinetic cascade simulation using a geometric collision criterion and tested it to be accurate in the region nσ^3/2 < 1, where n is the particle density and σ the interaction cross section. This test was done by comparing the collision rate produced by our simulation to the one calculated from theory. For the partonic scatterings, we use leading order perturbative quantum chromo- dynamical cross sections with the propagators screened using the Debye screening mass to control singularities in small and large scattering angles. We also use the single effective subprocess (SES) approximation to study the effects of the divergence of the gg → gg process cross section at low collision energies √s. Using our simulation, we studied the thermalization and isotropization of systems with far-from-equilibrium initial conditions by examining the anisotropic stress tensor and comparing the momentum distribution to the Boltzmann distribution. With initial conditions of each particle having the same energy and moving in the xy-plane, we found the system to isotropize in a time of 0.5 fm < t < 1.0 fm and to thermalize in 2.4 fm < t < 3.5 fm depending on the temperature of the system. We found that the screening mass and the expected next-to-leading order corrections have a large effect on reaching equilibrium. Using the SES approximation, we verified that small-s collisions do not significantly contribute to isotropization or thermalization.
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K\u00e4yt\u00e4mme\nt\u00e4llaista mallinnusta kuvaamaan massattomista kvarkeista ja gluoneista koostuvaa\nkaasua, joka on tilavuudeltaan \u00e4\u00e4ret\u00f6n, homogeeninen sek\u00e4 yhten\u00e4isess\u00e4 vakiol\u00e4mp\u00f6tilassa. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 olemme kehitt\u00e4neet kineettisen kaskadisimulaation k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en geometrist\u00e4 t\u00f6rm\u00e4yskriteeri\u00e4 ja todenneet sen olevan tarkka alueessa n\u03c3^3/2 < 1, miss\u00e4 n on hiukkastiheys ja \u03c3 interaktion vaikutusala. T\u00e4t\u00e4 testattiin vertaamalla simulaation tuottamaa t\u00f6rm\u00e4ystaajuutta teoreettiseen arvoon.\nPartonisironnoille k\u00e4yt\u00e4mme johtavan kertaluvun kvanttiv\u00e4ridynamiikan h\u00e4iri\u00f6-\nteorian vaikutusaloja, joissa propagaattoreita on varjostettu Debye-massalla pienten ja suurten sirontakulmien singulariteettien est\u00e4miseksi. 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spellingShingle Kukkonen, Kosmo A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas parton cascade thermalization isotropization Debye screening mass collision rate Teoreettinen fysiikka Theoretical Physics simulointi fysiikka törmäykset hiukkasfysiikka kvarkki-gluoniplasma
title A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas
title_full A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas
title_fullStr A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas
title_full_unstemmed A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas
title_short A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas
title_sort kinetic simulation of a quark gluon gas
title_txtP A kinetic simulation of a quark-gluon gas
topic parton cascade thermalization isotropization Debye screening mass collision rate Teoreettinen fysiikka Theoretical Physics simulointi fysiikka törmäykset hiukkasfysiikka kvarkki-gluoniplasma
topic_facet Debye screening mass Teoreettinen fysiikka Theoretical Physics collision rate fysiikka hiukkasfysiikka isotropization kvarkki-gluoniplasma parton cascade simulointi thermalization törmäykset
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/103140 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202506064946
work_keys_str_mv AT kukkonenkosmo akineticsimulationofaquarkgluongas AT kukkonenkosmo kineticsimulationofaquarkgluongas