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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4, Elina", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Saikkonen, Mirabella", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2025-05-13T05:59:02Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2025-05-13T05:59:02Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2025", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/101950", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Saikkonen, M. 2025. Body Image Changes During and After Pregnancy Among Athletes and Non-Athletes. Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Master's Thesis in Health Promotion. \n\nBody image during pregnancy significantly affects the health and well-being of both the mother and the unborn child. Previous studies have shown that body image often improves during pregnancy but may deteriorate after childbirth. The body image of athletes during pregnancy has rarely been studied. Research focusing on differences in body image between athletes and non-athletes has found that athletes may have better body image than non-athletes. However, there is some inconsistency in the findings, as athletes, despite better body image, may have a higher risk of disordered eating behaviors and eating disorders. The purpose of this study is to examine the body image of athletes and non-athletes before pregnancy, during pregnancy, after childbirth, and after breastfeeding. The aim is to determine whether body image changes during these periods and whether the groups of athletes and non-athletes differ from each other. \n\nThe study included 139 women, athletes (n=74), and age and locality-standardized non-athlete controls (n=65). The data for the study were collected retrospectively, utilizing results from the participants' first pregnancies. The variables used to measure body image were experiences of obesity and the desire to lose weight. Differences between time points were analyzed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon test as a post hoc method. Comparisons between groups were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U -test. \n\nThe results showed that body image changed significantly across time points for both athletes and non-athletes in terms of both studied variables: experiences of obesity (p<0.001) and the desire to lose weight (p<0.001). Body image improved significantly during pregnancy in both groups but deteriorated after childbirth. After breastfeeding, body image improved significantly only among athletes. The difference between athletes and non-athletes was significant only in experiences of obesity at the postpartum time point (p=0.024). Athletes experienced less obesity than non-athletes. \n\nThe results show that body image changes significantly at different stages of pregnancy and postpartum. During pregnancy, women's body image was the most positive, but it declined after childbirth in both groups. After breastfeeding, athletes had a better body image than non-athletes, which may indicate that previous sports experience contributes to postpartum recovery and a more positive body image. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of physical activity and sports on the body image of pregnant and postpartum women. It would be important to examine how a positive body image is related to healthy eating behaviors and other lifestyle factors, as well as how it can be supported after childbirth. Particularly, studying how physical activity can promote a positive body image and well-being among postpartum women would be valuable.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Saikkonen, M. 2025. Kehonkuvan muutokset raskausaikana ja sen j\u00e4lkeen urheilijoilla ja verrokeilla. Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto, terveyden edist\u00e4misen pro gradu -tutkielma, s. 40. \n\n \n\nNaisen raskausajan kehonkuva vaikuttaa oleellisesti odottavan \u00e4idin ja tulevan lapsen terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin. Naisten kehonkuva usein paranee raskausaikana, mutta saattaa heikenty\u00e4 raskauden j\u00e4lkeen. Urheilijoiden kehonkuvaa raskausaikana ei ole juurikaan tutkittu. Yleisesti urheilijoiden kehonkuva on my\u00f6nteisempi kuin normaaliv\u00e4est\u00f6n. Toisaalta my\u00f6nteisemm\u00e4st\u00e4 kehonkuvasta huolimatta urheilijoilla on korkeampi riski h\u00e4iriintyneeseen sy\u00f6misk\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymiseen ja sy\u00f6mish\u00e4iri\u00f6ihin. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia urheilijoiden ja verrokkien kehonkuvaa ennen raskautta, raskausaikana, raskauden j\u00e4lkeen sek\u00e4 imetyksen j\u00e4lkeen. Tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, muuttuuko kehonkuva eri aikoina, ja eroavatko urheilijat ja verrokit toisistaan. \n\n \n\nTutkimukseen osallistui 139 naista, joista 74 oli urheilijoita ja 65 ik\u00e4- ja paikkakuntavakioituja verrokkeja. Tutkimuksen aineisto ker\u00e4ttiin retrospektiivisesti kyselyll\u00e4. Kehonkuvan muuttujina toimivat lihavuuden kokemus, joita tutkittiin raskauden aikana, synnytyksen j\u00e4lkeen ja imetyksen j\u00e4lkeen, sek\u00e4 laihtumishalu, jota tutkittiin edellisten aikapisteiden lis\u00e4ksi my\u00f6s ennen raskautta. Aikapisteiden v\u00e4lisen eron tutkimiseen k\u00e4ytettiin Friedmanin testi\u00e4 sek\u00e4 post hoc -testin\u00e4 Wilcoxonin testi\u00e4. Ryhmien vertailuun k\u00e4ytettiin Mann Whitneyn U-testi\u00e4. \n\n \n\nTutkimuksen tuloksista havaittiin, ett\u00e4 kehonkuva muuttui merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti ajassa niin urheilijoilla kuin verrokeilla molempien tutkittujen muuttujien eli lihavuuden kokemisen (p<0,001) ja laihtumishalun suhteen (p<0,001). Kehonkuva parani merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti raskausaikana molemmilla ryhmill\u00e4, mutta heikkeni synnytyksen j\u00e4lkeen. Imetyksen j\u00e4lkeen kehonkuva parani merkitsev\u00e4sti vain urheilijoilla. Urheilijoiden ja verrokkien v\u00e4linen ero oli merkitsev\u00e4 vain lihavuuden kokemisessa synnytyksen j\u00e4lkeisess\u00e4 aikapisteess\u00e4 (p=0,024). Urheilijat kokivat v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n lihavuutta kuin verrokit. \n\n \n\nTulosten mukaan naisten kehonkuva oli my\u00f6nteisin raskausaikana ja heikoin synnytyksen j\u00e4lkeen molemmilla ryhmill\u00e4. Imetyksen j\u00e4lkeen urheilijoiden kehonkuva oli parempi kuin verrokkien. Aiempi urheilutausta saattaa edist\u00e4\u00e4 synnytyksest\u00e4 palautumisesta ja siten my\u00f6nteisemp\u00e4\u00e4 kehonkuvaa. Lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta tarvitaan, jotta voidaan ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4\u00e4 urheilun ja liikunnan vaikutusta raskaana olevien ja synnytt\u00e4neiden naisten kehonkuvaan. On t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 tutkia, onko esimerkiksi parempi kehonkuva yhteydess\u00e4 terveeseen sy\u00f6misk\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymiseen ja muihin elintapoihin ja miten my\u00f6nteist\u00e4 kehonkuvaa voi edist\u00e4\u00e4 synnytt\u00e4vill\u00e4 naisilla.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by jyx lomake-julkaisija (jyx-julkaisija.group@korppi.jyu.fi) on 2025-05-13T05:59:02Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2025-05-13T05:59:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "38", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Kehonkuvan muutokset raskausaikana ja sen j\u00e4lkeen urheilijoilla ja verrokeilla", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202505134193", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Terveyden edist\u00e4misen opintosuunta", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Specialisation in Health Promotion", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.accessibilityfeature", "value": "unknown accessibility", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "accessibilityfeature", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.accessibilityfeature", "value": "ei tietoa saavutettavuudesta", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "accessibilityfeature", "schema": "dc"}]
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