Timing of reproductive effort as an alternative mating strategy in young black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) males by Nieminen, Eini

“…As a consequence, older age, large body size, and impressive sexual ornaments are the common characters of dominant individuals, who are often superior in competition over mates thus enjoying the highest reproductive success. Nevertheless, young or unfit individuals may have alternative mating strategies which assist them to avoid competition with superior individuals and increase their reproductive success. …”
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