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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Tuhkanen, Tuula", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lemmettyl\u00e4, Teemu", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Seger, Salla", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-12-20T10:05:49Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-12-20T10:05:49Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/99170", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Per- ja polyfluoratut alkyyliyhdisteet (PFAS) on aineryhm\u00e4, johon kuuluu tuhansia kemikaaleja. PFAS-yhdisteit\u00e4 on k\u00e4ytetty 1950-luvulta l\u00e4htien monilla eri teollisuuden aloilla sek\u00e4 monissa kuluttajak\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n suunnatuissa tuotteissa kuten sammutusvaahdoissa, vett\u00e4 ja likaa hylkiviss\u00e4 vaatteissa, paistinpannuissa sek\u00e4 suksivoiteissa. PFAS-yhdisteiden haitallisuus perustuu erityisesti niiden pysyvyyteen ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4. PFAS-yhdisteet ovat ominaisuuksiltaan biokertyvi\u00e4. Ne liikkuvat ilmassa ja vedess\u00e4, jonka seurauksena ne levi\u00e4v\u00e4t helposti laajoille alueille. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa tutkittiin suksivoiteista l\u00e4ht\u00f6isin olevien PFAS-yhdisteiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 ja laatua hiihtoladulla, ladun alaisessa maaper\u00e4ss\u00e4 sek\u00e4 ladun l\u00e4heisiss\u00e4 pintavesiss\u00e4. Tutkimus toteutettiin ottamalla lumi-, maa- ja pintavesin\u00e4ytteit\u00e4 Lahdessa ja Vuokatissa vuoden 2024 aikana. Lis\u00e4ksi tutkittiin latukoneesta sek\u00e4 fluorivoiteella voidellusta suksesta lumeen irtoavien PFAS-yhdisteiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 ja laatua. N\u00e4ytteist\u00e4 analysoitiin 17 PFAS-yhdistett\u00e4. Tutkimuksessa todettiin PFAS-yhdisteit\u00e4 ladun alaisessa pintamaassa. My\u00f6s fluorivoiteella voidellusta suksesta irtosi lumeen PFAS-yhdisteit\u00e4. Helmi-maaliskuussa 2024 laduilta otetuissa lumin\u00e4ytteiss\u00e4 ei todettu PFAS-yhdisteit\u00e4, jonka perusteella voidaan todeta maaper\u00e4ss\u00e4 todetuttujen pitoisuuksien kertovan historiallisesta kuormituksesta. PFAS-yhdisteit\u00e4 on kertynyt pintamaahan aiempien vuosien k\u00e4yt\u00f6n seurauksena. Yhdisteet hajoavat ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 eritt\u00e4in hitaasti, joten niit\u00e4 on kertynyt maaper\u00e4\u00e4n vuosien saatossa. PFAS-yhdisteiden haitallisuuteen on reagoitu ja Kansainv\u00e4linen Hiihtoliitto on asettanut fluorivoiteiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6kiellon Kansainv\u00e4lisen Hiihtoliiton alaiseen kilpailutoimintaan syksyst\u00e4 2023 l\u00e4htien. Suomen Hiihtoliiton alaisessa kilpailutoiminnassa fluorivoiteiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6 on kielletty\u00e4 syksyst\u00e4 2024 l\u00e4htien. Se ett\u00e4 laduilta otetuista lumin\u00e4ytteist\u00e4 ei todettu analysoituja PFAS-yhdisteit\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritysrajaa ylitt\u00e4vin\u00e4 pitoisuuksina, kertoo fluoripitoisten voiteiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6n olleen talven aikana v\u00e4h\u00e4ist\u00e4. My\u00f6s fluorivoiteiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 markkinoilla ja voiteiden koostumus on muuttunut fluorivoiteiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6kiellon my\u00f6t\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2024-12-20T10:05:49Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-12-20T10:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "39", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "fluoratut yhdisteet", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "fluorivoiteet", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "per- ja polyfluoratut alkyyliyhdisteet", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Maastohiihdon aiheuttama ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6n PFAS-kuormitus Lahdessa ja Vuokatissa", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202412207974", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Environmental science", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "40151", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "suksivoiteet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hiihto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "maaper\u00e4", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "perfluoratut alkyyliaineet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6vaikutukset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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