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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Parviainen, Tiina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Ry\u00f6di, Helmiina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-10-09T08:27:57Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-10-09T08:27:57Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/97358", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Inhibition ja eksitaation tasapaino eli E/I-balanssi aivokuorella on edellytys aivojen normaalille toiminnalle. E/I balanssin on kuitenkin todettu muuntuneen monissa eri neuropsykiatrisissa h\u00e4iri\u00f6iss\u00e4, mink\u00e4 vuoksi sen tutkiminen on t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4. Samalla vaihtelu E/I-balanssissa liittyy my\u00f6s aivojen normaaliin i\u00e4nmukaiseen kehitykseen. E/I-balanssin mittaamiseen ihmisill\u00e4 ei kuitenkaan ole olemassa selkeit\u00e4 validoituja keinoja. Yksi uusi l\u00e4hestymistapa on laskennalliseen malliin perustuva 1/f ep\u00e4jaksollinen aktiivisuus, joka voidaan laskea EEG- tai MEG-datasta. On ehdotettu, ett\u00e4 erityisesti ep\u00e4jaksollisen aktiivisuuden spektrin kulmakerroin kertoisi E/I-balanssista aivokuorella neuronaalisten populaatioiden tasolla. Ep\u00e4jaksollisen aktiivisuuden kehityst\u00e4 i\u00e4n my\u00f6t\u00e4 on tutkittu viime vuosien aikana jonkin verran, mutta tutkimusta MEG:lla ja eri aivoalueilla ja -puoliskoilla on niukasti. T\u00e4m\u00e4n Pro Gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, eroaako inhibitorisen ja eksitatorisen aktiivisuuden taso aivokuorella nuorempien ja vanhempien lasten sek\u00e4 aikuisten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ep\u00e4jaksollisella aktiivisuudella mitattuna eri aivoalueilla ja -puoliskoilla. T\u00e4h\u00e4n tutkimukseen sis\u00e4llytetty aineisto jaettiin kolmeen ik\u00e4ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n, jotka olivat 6\u20139 \u2013vuotiaat nuoremmat lapset, 10-14 \u2013vuotiaat vanhemmat lapset sek\u00e4 aikuiset. Tutkimukseen sis\u00e4llytetty data koostui aivojen lepotila MEG-mittauksista silm\u00e4t suljettuina. Ep\u00e4jaksollista aktiivisuutta mitattiin kulmakerroin sek\u00e4 \u201doffset\u201d -parametreilla. Tulosten mukaan ep\u00e4jaksolliset parametrit olivat pienemm\u00e4t aikuisten ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 kuin lapsiryhmiss\u00e4, mik\u00e4 on linjassa aikaisempien tutkimusten kanssa ep\u00e4jaksollisen aktiivisuuden kehityksest\u00e4 i\u00e4n my\u00f6t\u00e4. Ep\u00e4jaksollinen aktiivisuus my\u00f6s erosi aivopuoliskojen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 niin, ett\u00e4 se oli pienemp\u00e4\u00e4 oikeassa kuin vasemmassa aivopuoliskossa. Lis\u00e4ksi se oli pienemp\u00e4\u00e4 frontaalialueella kuin okkipitaalialueella. E/I-balanssin osalta tulos ik\u00e4ryhmien v\u00e4lisist\u00e4 eroista viittaisi kulmakertoimen perusteella korkeampaan eksitaatioon aikuisilla verrattuna lapsiryhmiin, mik\u00e4 saattaa olla osittain ristiriitaista aivojen yleisen kehityksen n\u00e4k\u00f6kulmasta. Ep\u00e4jaksollisen aktiivisuuden yhteys E/I-balanssiin on kuitenkin riippuvainen monista mekanismeista, joiden tarkempi kartoittaminen vaatii lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta erityisesti yhdist\u00e4en ep\u00e4jaksollisen aktiivisuuden ja farmakologian. T\u00e4m\u00e4 tutkimus vahvistaa, ett\u00e4 erityisesti ik\u00e4 tai kehityksellinen tila, aivopuolisko sek\u00e4 -alue t\u00e4ytyy huomioida arvioitaessa E/I-balanssin tasoa ep\u00e4jaksollisen aktiivisuuden avulla. Lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta tarvitaan, ennen kuin ep\u00e4jaksollista aktiivisuutta voitaisiin hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 E/I-balanssin mittaamiseen kliinisess\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The equilibrium between excitation and inhibition, commonly referred to as E/I balance, in the cerebral cortex is prerequisite for normal brain functioning. Alterations in the E/I balance have been identified in various neuropsychiatric disorders, underscoring the significance of its thorough examination. At the same time developmental variations in the E/I balance are a part of the normal maturation of the brain. However, there is a lack of well-validated methods for measuring E/I balance in humans. A novel approach to assess E/I balance is 1/f aperiodic activity which bases on computational models and can be derived from EEG or MEG data. It has been suggested that particularly the slope of the spectrum, aperiodic exponent, may indicate the level of E/I balance at the neuronal population level at the cortex. While there have been some studies investigating developmental trajectory of aperiodic activity over few recent years, only limited research has used MEG or focused on possible differences between brain regions or hemispheres. The aim of this study is to examine whether the level of inhibitory and excitatory activity in the cortex, measured by aperiodic activity, differs between younger children, older children and adults in different brain regions and hemispheres. The participants included in the study were categorized into three age groups: younger children aged 6-9, older children aged 10-14 and adults. The data consisted of MEG recordings of resting state with eyes closed. Aperiodic activity was indexed with exponent and offset. According to the results, both aperiodic parameters were lower in the adult group compared to the child groups, aligning with previous research on the developmental trajectory of aperiodic activity with age. Aperiodic activity also exhibited hemispheric differences, both parameters being smaller in the right hemisphere compared to the left. Furthermore, aperiodic activity was also reduced in the frontal lobe compared to the occipital lobe. Regarding the E/I balance, the result of the age-related differences in the exponent would refer to higher excitation in adults compared to child groups. This indication may however partially conflict with a general perspective on brain development. The association between aperiodic activity and the E/I balance depends on numerous mechanisms, detailed exploration of which requires further research, particularly in integrating aperiodic activity and pharmacology. This study confirms the importance of considering factors such as age or developmental stage, hemisphere and brain region when assessing the level of E/I balance with aperiodic activity. Consequently, additional research is required before utilizing aperiodic activity for assessing E/I balance in clinical applications.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2024-10-09T08:27:57Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-10-09T08:27:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "39", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "aperiodic activity", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "E/I balance", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ep\u00e4jaksollinen aktiivisuus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "E/I balanssi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Age-related differences in aperiodic MEG activity in children and adults", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202410096227", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Kasvatustieteiden ja psykologian tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Education and Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Psykologian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psykologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Psychology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "202", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "aivokuori", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "MEG", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "neuropsykologia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "cerebral cortex", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "MEG", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "neuropsychology", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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