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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lehtonen, Jussi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Fromhage, Lutz", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kangasniemi, Maaria", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-08-12T06:42:48Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-08-12T06:42:48Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/96561", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Vanhempien tarjoaman huolenpidon tyyppi vaihtelee lajien v\u00e4lill\u00e4, mutta my\u00f6s yhden populaation sis\u00e4ll\u00e4 tai lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymiskauden aikana. Kattavasta tutkimuksesta huolimatta yleisp\u00e4tevi\u00e4 selityksi\u00e4 huolenpidon evoluutiolle ei ole l\u00f6ytynyt, mink\u00e4 vuoksi se pysyykin kiehtovana tutkimusaiheena. Vanhemman tarjoama huolenpito on esimerkki tilanteesta, jossa populaation muiden yksil\u00f6iden k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen vaikuttaa yhden yksil\u00f6n fitness-hy\u00f6tyyn. T\u00e4llaisissa tilanteissa on peliteoreettisia menetelmi\u00e4 hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4en mahdollista selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 parhaan lopputuloksen tuottava toimintatapa eli evolutiivisesti tasapainoinen strategia. Yleinen huolenpitoon liittyv\u00e4 tutkimuskysymys koskee sit\u00e4, kumman vanhemman kannattaisi huolehtia j\u00e4lkel\u00e4isist\u00e4. Tutkimustulokset eiv\u00e4t ole aivan yksimielisi\u00e4, mink\u00e4 vuoksi t\u00e4m\u00e4 on edelleen mielenkiintoinen tutkimuskysymys ja inspiroi siten my\u00f6s t\u00e4t\u00e4 ty\u00f6t\u00e4. Yleinen oletus huolenpitoa kuvaavissa malleissa on ollut huolehtivien koiraiden j\u00e4\u00e4minen paitsi ylim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isist\u00e4 \nlis\u00e4\u00e4ntymismahdollisuuksista. T\u00e4t\u00e4 sek\u00e4 isyyden ep\u00e4varmuutta on k\u00e4ytetty selityksen\u00e4 naarasvoittoiselle huolenpidolle. Kuitenkin esimerkiksi linnuilla esiintyy paljon my\u00f6s koiraan tarjoamaa huolenpitoa isyyden ep\u00e4varmuudesta huolimatta. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 muodostin kaksi mallia, joissa otin huomioon isyyden ep\u00e4varmuuden ja oletin, ett\u00e4 sek\u00e4 huolehtivat ett\u00e4 hylk\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t koiraat kohtaavat yht\u00e4 todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isesti ylim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isi\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymistilaisuuksia. Ensimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 mallissa oletin, ett\u00e4 kaikki naaraat k\u00e4ytt\u00e4v\u00e4t samaa strategiaa (huolehtivat) ja etsin evolutiivisesti tasapainoista strategiaa vain koiraille. Ensimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 mallissa sek\u00e4 huolehtiminen ett\u00e4 hylk\u00e4\u00e4minen voivat molemmat olla \nevolutiivisesti tasapainoisia strategioita koiraille, jolloin lopputulos riippuu muiden parametrien arvoista. Toisessa mallissa annoin my\u00f6s naaraan strategian muuttua ja etsin evolutiivisesti tasapainoista strategiaparia. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 mallissa kaikki puhtaat strategiaparit saattoivat olla evolutiivisesti tasapainoisia, riippuen muista parametrien arvoista ja vastakkaisen sukupuolen populaatiostrategiasta. Tulosteni mukaan hylk\u00e4\u00e4minen voi olla koiraille parempi strategia, mik\u00e4li hylk\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4t koiraat ovat parempia puolustamaan isyytt\u00e4\u00e4n.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The variation in parental care in the animal kingdom and even within one population or breeding season is great. Despite extensive research, this variation and the evolution of parental care remain intriguing, incompletely understood, and widely debated topics. In theoretical biology, game theoretic methods help to identify the evolutionarily stable strategies in situations where other individuals\u2019 actions affect the outcome for one individual. Parental care is an example of such a scenario: the fitness of one parent depends not only on their own caring decision but also on the other parent\u2019s decision. One of the most researched questions about parental care is when we should expect care to be female-only, male-only, or biparental. Results from studies addressing this question are not unanimous, which keeps this an interesting research topic. One common assumption in parental care models is a trade-off between mating and caring, which means that caring males miss out on additional mating opportunities. This and partial paternity are two of the most common explanations for female-biased care. However, male care is widespread in birds, for example, even in the presence of partial paternity. In this work, I built two models explaining parental care when there is partial paternity but no matingcaring trade-off. In the first model, I assumed that all the females share the same strategy and used a traditional game theoretical method to find the evolutionarily stable strategies for males. I found out that both pure strategies (only caring or only deserting) could be evolutionarily stable, depending only on other parameter values. In the second model, I allowed the female strategy to evolve and searched for evolutionarily stable strategy pairs with the help of adaptive dynamics. In this model, all the evolutionarily stable strategy pairs were also pure strategy pairs, and it depended only on the parameter values and the population strategy of the opposite sex. According to my results, a better ability to protect one\u2019s paternity may be enough to select for male desertion even if there is no mating-caring trade-off.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2024-08-12T06:42:48Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-08-12T06:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "53", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "parental care", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "evolutionarily stable strategy", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "evolutionary game theory", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "evolutiivinen peliteoria", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "evolutiivisesti tasapainoinen strategia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Is it better to protect paternity than to provide care?", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202408125437", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "peliteoria", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "game theory", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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