Digital cameras as radiance sensors high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions

Optisen mikroskoopin ja digitaalikameran yhdistelmä on hyödyllinen työkalu pienikokoisten näytteiden tutkimiseen. Tarkat mittaukset, joissa rinnastetaan kuvien kirkkaus radianssiin, eivät kuitenkaan ole sellaisenaan mahdollisia johtuen digitaalikameroiden epälineaarisesta vasteesta. Tässä tutkielmas...

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Main Author: Voutilainen, Sami
Other Authors: Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sciences, Fysiikan laitos, Department of Physics, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/96223
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author Voutilainen, Sami
author2 Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Voutilainen, Sami Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Voutilainen, Sami Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Fysiikan laitos Department of Physics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Voutilainen, Sami
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description Optisen mikroskoopin ja digitaalikameran yhdistelmä on hyödyllinen työkalu pienikokoisten näytteiden tutkimiseen. Tarkat mittaukset, joissa rinnastetaan kuvien kirkkaus radianssiin, eivät kuitenkaan ole sellaisenaan mahdollisia johtuen digitaalikameroiden epälineaarisesta vasteesta. Tässä tutkielmassa muotoilemme ja toteutamme menetelmän linearisoida kameran vaste ja yhdistää useita eri valotusajoilla otettuja kuvia yhdeksi laajan dynaamisen alueen kuvaksi. Lisäksi kuvantamisjärjestelmän virheitä, kuten vinjetointi ja kuumat pikselit, mallinnetaan ja virheitä korjataan. Kuvien prosessointiputken suoriutumista kvantifioidaan, arvioidaan ja lopulta hyödynnetään hiilinanoputkidepositioiden karakterisointiin. Depositioita karakterisoidaan suhteellisten radianssimittausten avulla perustuen laajan dynaamisen alueen kuviin. Lisäksi paikallisen paksuuden ja autokorrelaation mittauksia hyödynnetään karakterisoinnissa perustuen sekä laajan dynaamisen alueen kuviin, että pyyhkäisyelektronimikroskopian kuviin. Mittausten perusteella esitämme teorian depositioiden optisille ominaisuuksille. Tutkielman keskeiset tulokset viittaavat siihen, että tavallista digitaalista kameraa voi käyttää radianssisensorina riittävän kalibroinnin ja mallintamisen pohjalta. Pairing an optical microscope and a digital camera is a useful tool in observing small samples. However accurate quantitative measurements in terms of relating image brightness to radiance are not possible as is for most cameras due to the nonlinear response of digital cameras. In this thesis we formulate and implement a method to linearize the response of a digital camera and merge multiple images of different exposure times into a high dynamic range image. Additionally imaging system artifacts, such as vignetting and hot pixels, are modeled and corrected for. The performance of the implemented image processing pipeline is quantified, evaluated and finally utilized in the characterizations of carbon nanotube depositions. Themdepositions are characterized via relative radiance measurements based on the merged high dynamic range images and additionally local thickness and autocorrelation measurements based on both high dynamic range images and scanning electron microscopy images. A theory for the optical properties of the depositions is proposed based on the performed measurements. The results of this thesis indicate that with sufficient calibration and modeling a normal digital camera can be used as a radiance sensor.
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spellingShingle Voutilainen, Sami Digital cameras as radiance sensors : high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions Carbon nanotube CNT high dynamic range HDR microscopy optical microscopy scanning electron microscopy SEM camera response function CRF ICRF linearization image processing image analysis Hiilinanoptuki laaja dynaaminen alue mikroskopia optinen mikroskopia pyyhkäisyelekronimikroskopia kameran vastefunktio linearisointi kuvaprosessointi kuva-analyysi Soveltava fysiikka Applied Physics 4023
title Digital cameras as radiance sensors : high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions
title_full Digital cameras as radiance sensors : high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions
title_fullStr Digital cameras as radiance sensors : high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions Digital cameras as radiance sensors : high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions
title_full_unstemmed Digital cameras as radiance sensors : high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions Digital cameras as radiance sensors : high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions
title_short Digital cameras as radiance sensors
title_sort digital cameras as radiance sensors high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions
title_sub high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions
title_txtP Digital cameras as radiance sensors : high dynamic range imaging and application to characterize carbon nanotube depositions
topic Carbon nanotube CNT high dynamic range HDR microscopy optical microscopy scanning electron microscopy SEM camera response function CRF ICRF linearization image processing image analysis Hiilinanoptuki laaja dynaaminen alue mikroskopia optinen mikroskopia pyyhkäisyelekronimikroskopia kameran vastefunktio linearisointi kuvaprosessointi kuva-analyysi Soveltava fysiikka Applied Physics 4023
topic_facet 4023 Applied Physics CNT CRF Carbon nanotube HDR Hiilinanoptuki ICRF SEM Soveltava fysiikka camera response function high dynamic range image analysis image processing kameran vastefunktio kuva-analyysi kuvaprosessointi laaja dynaaminen alue linearisointi linearization microscopy mikroskopia optical microscopy optinen mikroskopia pyyhkäisyelekronimikroskopia scanning electron microscopy
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/96223 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202406285065
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