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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Taipale, Sami", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Vehni\u00e4inen, Eeva-Riikka", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Rigaud, Cyril", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Yli-Tuomola, Aliisa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-06-27T05:59:40Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-06-27T05:59:40Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/96175", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Mikromuovilla on todettu olevan negatiivisia vaikutuksia ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6n. N\u00e4iden negatiivisten vaikutusten my\u00f6t\u00e4, uusia biohajoavia muoveja kehitet\u00e4\u00e4n luonnonmukaisista ja perinteisist\u00e4 \u00f6ljypohjaisista raaka-aineista. Aikaisemmat tutkimukset ovat todenneet, ett\u00e4 osa biohajoavista muoveista ei ole hajonnut luvatusti ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4, varsinkaan akvaattisissa ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6iss\u00e4. Biohajoavien muovien on mahdollisesti havaittu aiheuttavan jopa enemm\u00e4n negatiivisia vaikutuksia ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6n verrattuna ei-biohajoavaan muoviin. T\u00e4h\u00e4n vaikuttaa biohajoavien muovien biosaatavuus ja niiden taipumus hajota. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa tutkimme aiheuttaako biohajoavat muovit toksisuutta vesikirppu Daphnia magnaan, vaikuttavatko biohajoavat muovit D. magnan lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymiseen ja tiettyjen geenien ilmentymiseen. N\u00e4it\u00e4 tutkittiin akuutilla- ja kroonisella toksisuuskokeella, joiden konsentraatiot vaihtelivat 3,2\u2013320 mg/l v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Tuloksista havaittiin, ett\u00e4 biohajoavat muovit aiheuttivat D.magnan kuolleisuutta. Kuolleisuus on voinut aiheutua siit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 biohajoavat muovit on kehitetty hajoaviksi, jonka my\u00f6t\u00e4 ne voivat vapauttaa vaarallisia lis\u00e4aineita ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6n. Kroonisessa toksisuuskokeessa vesikirput lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyiv\u00e4t alhaisemmissa biohajoavien muovien pitoisuuksissa enemm\u00e4n kuin kontrollipitoisuudessa Mahdollinen selitys lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyneelle poikastuotannolle on se, ett\u00e4 jotkin bakteereista voivat hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 biohajoavia muoveja hiilenl\u00e4hteen\u00e4. Bakteerit lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyv\u00e4t ja t\u00e4ten vesikirpuilla on enemm\u00e4n ravintoa ja energiaa voitiin hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymiseen. Kroonisen toksisuuskokeen j\u00e4lkeen geenivasteissa havaittiin vierasainemetaboliaan liittyvien mox ja gst geenien vaimennuss\u00e4\u00e4tely\u00e4. Mahdollisesti n\u00e4iden geenien vaimennuss\u00e4\u00e4tely kompensoi esimerkiksi eloonj\u00e4\u00e4miseen liittyvien geenien lis\u00e4\u00e4ntynytt\u00e4 ilment\u00e4mist\u00e4. T\u00e4t\u00e4 geenien vaimennuss\u00e4\u00e4tely\u00e4 on havaittu D. magnalla ja lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymiseen liittyv\u00e4ll\u00e4 vtg1 geenill\u00e4, jolloin energiaa siirtyi lis\u00e4\u00e4ntymisest\u00e4 selviytymiseen. Kaiken kaikkiaan n\u00e4m\u00e4 vaihtelevat tulokset biohajoavien muovien vaikutuksista D.magnaan indikoivat, ett\u00e4 biohajoavat muovit voivat aiheuttaa toksisia vaikutuksia eli\u00f6ille niiden \u201dymp\u00e4rist\u00f6yst\u00e4v\u00e4llisyys\u201d leimasta huolimatta.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Microplastics are known to produce negative effects in the environment. Due to these adverse effects, a replacement for conventional petroleum-based plastics is needed. The newer methods produce biodegradable plastic from natural and conventional resources. However, previous studies have detected that some biodegradable plastics will not degrade as promised in the environment, especially in aquatic environments. Also, they might cause similar or even higher environmental risks than conventional plastics. This is due to biodegradable plastics' bioavailability and tendency to degrade. In this study, we wanted to find out if biodegradable plastics cause toxic effects to Water flea Daphnia magna, and if they affect D. magna reproduction and gene expression in certain genes. These were studied with acute and chronic toxicity tests with a concentration range of 3.2\u2013320 mg/l. The results showed that biodegradable plastic caused mortality in D. magna in the acute toxicity test. This might be caused by the microplastics' tendency to degrade and release toxic additives into the environment. In the chronic toxicity test, the lowest concentration of some of the tested, biodegradable plastics increased the reproduction of D. magna. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is that some bacteria might be able to use biodegradable plastics as a carbon source, leading to an increase in the number of bacteria. D. magna may utilize these bacteria as food and thus have more energy for reproduction. After the chronic experiment a downregulation of gst and mox xenobiotic metabolism-related genes was detected. One possible explanation for this downregulation is that the genes are being downregulated to compensate, for example, for the increased expression of survival-related genes. This is one hypothesis brought up when the downregulation of reproduction-related vtg1 gene was seen in D. magna to allocate more energy for survival. Overall, these mixed results of the biodegradable plastics toxicity on D. magna indicate that biodegradable plastics could cause toxic effects to aquatic organisms despite their \"environmentally friendly\" label.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2024-06-27T05:59:40Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-06-27T05:59:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "52", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "acute toxicity test", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "chronic toxicity test", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Diplostraca", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "gene expression test", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Biodegradable plastics toxicity on Water flea (Daphnia magna)", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202406275019", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Environmental science", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "40151", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "myrkyllisyys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "muovi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biomuovi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mikromuovi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ekotoksikologia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "toxicity", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "plastic", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "bioplastic", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "microplastic", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ecotoxicology", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/collections/archival-workstation).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/kokoelmat/arkistotyoasema..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}]
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