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Digitalisoituminen näkyy kasvavissa määrin pienten lasten arjessa ja lapset viettävät yhä enemmän aikaa erilaisten elektronisten laitteiden äärellä. Elektronisten laitteiden käytön yhteyttä pienten lasten motorisiin taitoihin ja fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen on tutkittu vasta vähän. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää vanhempien ja lasten digitaalisten medioiden käytön yhteyksiä 3–4-vuotiaiden lasten motorisiin taitoihin sekä fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen.
Tutkimuksen aineisto koostui Helsingissä ja Helsingin läheisillä maaseutualueilla asuvista 3– 4-vuotiasta lapsista (n=274) ja heidän vanhemmistaan, jotka osallistuivat SUNRISE Helsinki – tutkimukseen vuonna 2022. Lasten motoristen taitojen mittaamiseen käytettiin S-TUG-testiä (Supine-Timed Up and Go), käden puristusvoiman mittaamista, vauhditonta pituushyppyä ja yhden jalan tasapainottelutestiä. Käden hienomotorisia taitoja mitattiin nappulapelillä (Pegboard). Lasten fyysistä aktiivisuutta mitattiin lantiolla pidettävällä ActiGraph- liikemittarilla (wGT3X-BT). Tiedot vanhempien ja lasten digitaalisten medioiden käytöstä kerättiin huoltajien täyttämien kyselylomakkeiden avulla. Vanhemmat ilmoittivat lisäksi oman ja lapsen älylaitteen käyttöajat älylaitteen asetuksista. Menetelminä analyyseissä käytettiin frekvenssijakaumia, Mann-Whitney U -testiä ja binääristä logistista regressioanalyysiä. Analyyseissä otettiin huomioon lapsen ikä, sukupuoli ja kotitalouden korkein koulutus.
Tulokset osoittivat, että mitä useammin vanhemmat hyödynsivät elektronisia laitteita lapsen viihdytystarkoitukseen vanhempien hoitaessaan omia asioitaan, sitä suurempi todennäköisyys lapsilla oli kuulua heikommin pärjäävien lasten ryhmään S-TUG-testissä (OR 1,49, 95 % LV 1,11–2,01) ja käden hienomotoristen taitojen testissä (OR 1,42, 95 % LV 1,04–1,93). Vanhempien elektronisten laitteiden hyödyntäminen lasten opetuskäyttöön oli kuitenkin yhteydessä lasten pienempään todennäköisyyteen kuulua heikkojen motoristen taitojen ryhmään S-TUG-testissä (OR 0,74, 95 % LV 0,55–0,99). Vanhempien korkeampi älypuhelimen käyttöaika lasten kanssa ulkoillessa oli yhteydessä lasten pienempään todennäköisyyteen kuulua vähän fyysisesti aktiivisten ryhmään kokonaisliikkumisen (OR 0,72, 95 % LV 0,54–0,96) sekä reippaan ja rasittavan liikunnan osalta (OR 0,72, 95 % LV 0,55– 0,96). Vanhempien korkeampi älypuhelimen käyttöaika lasten kanssa matkustaessa oli yhteydessä lasten pienempään todennäköisyyteen kuulua vähän reippaasti ja rasittavasti liikkuvien lasten ryhmään (OR 0,71, 95 % LV 0,54–0,95).
Tutkimus osoitti, että vanhempien digitaalisten medioiden käyttötottumuksilla näyttäisi olevan yhteyksiä lasten motoristen taitojen tasoon ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden määrään. Digitaalisten medioiden käyttötarkoituksella vaikuttaisi olevan merkitystä siihen, onko yhteys motoristen taitojen tasoon positiivinen vai negatiivinen. Aihe vaatii jatkotutkimuksia.
Digitization is increasingly evident in the daily lives of young children, and children spend more and more time with various electronic devices. Associations between the use of electronic devices and motor skills and physical activity of young children have been little studied. The purpose of this master's thesis was to investigate the associations of parents' and children's digital media use with motor skills and physical activity in 3–4-year-old children.
The study was conducted as part of the SUNRISE Helsinki study. The data consisted of 3–4-year-old children (n=274) and their parents living in Helsinki and rural areas close to Helsinki who participated in the SUNRISE Helsinki study in 2022. The measurements of children's fine and gross motor skills included the Supine-Timed Up and Go test (S-TUG), hand grip dynamometer, standing long jump, and one-leg standing balance test. Hand fine motor skills were measured with 9-Hole Pegboard test. Children's physical activity was measured with an ActiGraph accelerometer (wGT3X-BT) worn on the waist. Information on parents' and children's use of digital media was collected through questionnaires filled out by the caregivers. Parents also reported their own and their child's smart device usage times from the device settings. Statistical analysis methods included frequency distributions, Mann-Whitney U test, and binary logistic regression analysis, with child age, sex, and highest household education level as covariates.
The results showed that the more frequently parents used electronic devices for the purpose of entertain the child while the parents were managing their own affairs the more likely the children were to be in the low-achieving group in mobility and postural control skills (OR 1,49, 95 % CI 1,11–2,01) and in hand fine motor skills (OR 1,42, 95 % CI 1,04–1,93). However, providing electronic devices to the child for educational purposes was associated with the child’s lower probability of belonging to the group with poor motor skills in mobility and posture management skills (OR 0,74, 95 % CI 0,55–0,99). A parent’s higher time spent with their smartphone while being outdoors with their child was associated with the child's lower probability of belonging to the low physical activity group in terms of total physical activity (OR 0,72, 95 % CI 0,54–0,96) and moderate and vigorous physical activity (OR 0,72, 95 % CI 0,55–0,96). Higher smartphone use time by the parent while traveling with the child was associated with the child’s lower probability of belonging to the low physical activity group in moderate to vigorous physical activity (OR 0,71, 95 % CI 0,54–0,95).
The study showed that parents' digital media usage habits appear to have associations with the level of children's motor skills and the amount of their physical activity. Additionally, the purpose of using digital media seems to be important to whether the association with motor skill level is positive or negative. This topic requires further investigation.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kaasalainen, Karoliina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Gustafsson, Jenny", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-06-24T11:23:48Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-06-24T11:23:48Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/96126", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Digitalisoituminen na\u0308kyy kasvavissa ma\u0308a\u0308rin pienten lasten arjessa ja lapset vietta\u0308va\u0308t yha\u0308 enemma\u0308n aikaa erilaisten elektronisten laitteiden a\u0308a\u0308rella\u0308. Elektronisten laitteiden ka\u0308yto\u0308n yhteytta\u0308 pienten lasten motorisiin taitoihin ja fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen on tutkittu vasta va\u0308ha\u0308n. Ta\u0308ma\u0308n pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvitta\u0308a\u0308 vanhempien ja lasten digitaalisten medioiden ka\u0308yto\u0308n yhteyksia\u0308 3\u20134-vuotiaiden lasten motorisiin taitoihin seka\u0308 fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen.\n\nTutkimuksen aineisto koostui Helsingissa\u0308 ja Helsingin la\u0308heisilla\u0308 maaseutualueilla asuvista 3\u2013 4-vuotiasta lapsista (n=274) ja heida\u0308n vanhemmistaan, jotka osallistuivat SUNRISE Helsinki \u2013 tutkimukseen vuonna 2022. Lasten motoristen taitojen mittaamiseen ka\u0308ytettiin S-TUG-testia\u0308 (Supine-Timed Up and Go), ka\u0308den puristusvoiman mittaamista, vauhditonta pituushyppya\u0308 ja yhden jalan tasapainottelutestia\u0308. Ka\u0308den hienomotorisia taitoja mitattiin nappulapelilla\u0308 (Pegboard). Lasten fyysista\u0308 aktiivisuutta mitattiin lantiolla pidetta\u0308va\u0308lla\u0308 ActiGraph- liikemittarilla (wGT3X-BT). Tiedot vanhempien ja lasten digitaalisten medioiden ka\u0308yto\u0308sta\u0308 kera\u0308ttiin huoltajien ta\u0308ytta\u0308mien kyselylomakkeiden avulla. Vanhemmat ilmoittivat lisa\u0308ksi oman ja lapsen a\u0308lylaitteen ka\u0308ytto\u0308ajat a\u0308lylaitteen asetuksista. Menetelmina\u0308 analyyseissa\u0308 ka\u0308ytettiin frekvenssijakaumia, Mann-Whitney U -testia\u0308 ja bina\u0308a\u0308rista\u0308 logistista regressioanalyysia\u0308. Analyyseissa\u0308 otettiin huomioon lapsen ika\u0308, sukupuoli ja kotitalouden korkein koulutus.\n\nTulokset osoittivat, etta\u0308 mita\u0308 useammin vanhemmat hyo\u0308dynsiva\u0308t elektronisia laitteita lapsen viihdytystarkoitukseen vanhempien hoitaessaan omia asioitaan, sita\u0308 suurempi todenna\u0308ko\u0308isyys lapsilla oli kuulua heikommin pa\u0308rja\u0308a\u0308vien lasten ryhma\u0308a\u0308n S-TUG-testissa\u0308 (OR 1,49, 95 % LV 1,11\u20132,01) ja ka\u0308den hienomotoristen taitojen testissa\u0308 (OR 1,42, 95 % LV 1,04\u20131,93). Vanhempien elektronisten laitteiden hyo\u0308dynta\u0308minen lasten opetuska\u0308ytto\u0308o\u0308n oli kuitenkin yhteydessa\u0308 lasten pienempa\u0308a\u0308n todenna\u0308ko\u0308isyyteen kuulua heikkojen motoristen taitojen ryhma\u0308a\u0308n S-TUG-testissa\u0308 (OR 0,74, 95 % LV 0,55\u20130,99). Vanhempien korkeampi a\u0308lypuhelimen ka\u0308ytto\u0308aika lasten kanssa ulkoillessa oli yhteydessa\u0308 lasten pienempa\u0308a\u0308n todenna\u0308ko\u0308isyyteen kuulua va\u0308ha\u0308n fyysisesti aktiivisten ryhma\u0308a\u0308n kokonaisliikkumisen (OR 0,72, 95 % LV 0,54\u20130,96) seka\u0308 reippaan ja rasittavan liikunnan osalta (OR 0,72, 95 % LV 0,55\u2013 0,96). Vanhempien korkeampi a\u0308lypuhelimen ka\u0308ytto\u0308aika lasten kanssa matkustaessa oli yhteydessa\u0308 lasten pienempa\u0308a\u0308n todenna\u0308ko\u0308isyyteen kuulua va\u0308ha\u0308n reippaasti ja rasittavasti liikkuvien lasten ryhma\u0308a\u0308n (OR 0,71, 95 % LV 0,54\u20130,95).\n\nTutkimus osoitti, etta\u0308 vanhempien digitaalisten medioiden ka\u0308ytto\u0308tottumuksilla na\u0308ytta\u0308isi olevan yhteyksia\u0308 lasten motoristen taitojen tasoon ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden ma\u0308a\u0308ra\u0308a\u0308n. Digitaalisten medioiden ka\u0308ytto\u0308tarkoituksella vaikuttaisi olevan merkitysta\u0308 siihen, onko yhteys motoristen taitojen tasoon positiivinen vai negatiivinen. Aihe vaatii jatkotutkimuksia.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Digitization is increasingly evident in the daily lives of young children, and children spend more and more time with various electronic devices. Associations between the use of electronic devices and motor skills and physical activity of young children have been little studied. The purpose of this master's thesis was to investigate the associations of parents' and children's digital media use with motor skills and physical activity in 3\u20134-year-old children.\n\nThe study was conducted as part of the SUNRISE Helsinki study. The data consisted of 3\u20134-year-old children (n=274) and their parents living in Helsinki and rural areas close to Helsinki who participated in the SUNRISE Helsinki study in 2022. The measurements of children's fine and gross motor skills included the Supine-Timed Up and Go test (S-TUG), hand grip dynamometer, standing long jump, and one-leg standing balance test. Hand fine motor skills were measured with 9-Hole Pegboard test. Children's physical activity was measured with an ActiGraph accelerometer (wGT3X-BT) worn on the waist. Information on parents' and children's use of digital media was collected through questionnaires filled out by the caregivers. Parents also reported their own and their child's smart device usage times from the device settings. Statistical analysis methods included frequency distributions, Mann-Whitney U test, and binary logistic regression analysis, with child age, sex, and highest household education level as covariates.\n\nThe results showed that the more frequently parents used electronic devices for the purpose of entertain the child while the parents were managing their own affairs the more likely the children were to be in the low-achieving group in mobility and postural control skills (OR 1,49, 95 % CI 1,11\u20132,01) and in hand fine motor skills (OR 1,42, 95 % CI 1,04\u20131,93). However, providing electronic devices to the child for educational purposes was associated with the child\u2019s lower probability of belonging to the group with poor motor skills in mobility and posture management skills (OR 0,74, 95 % CI 0,55\u20130,99). A parent\u2019s higher time spent with their smartphone while being outdoors with their child was associated with the child's lower probability of belonging to the low physical activity group in terms of total physical activity (OR 0,72, 95 % CI 0,54\u20130,96) and moderate and vigorous physical activity (OR 0,72, 95 % CI 0,55\u20130,96). Higher smartphone use time by the parent while traveling with the child was associated with the child\u2019s lower probability of belonging to the low physical activity group in moderate to vigorous physical activity (OR 0,71, 95 % CI 0,54\u20130,95).\n\nThe study showed that parents' digital media usage habits appear to have associations with the level of children's motor skills and the amount of their physical activity. Additionally, the purpose of using digital media seems to be important to whether the association with motor skill level is positive or negative. This topic requires further investigation.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2024-06-24T11:23:48Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-06-24T11:23:48Z (GMT). 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