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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lehti, Maarit", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "L\u00e4hteenm\u00e4ki, Emilia", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Yl\u00e4nne, Jari", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Karttunen, Elina", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-06-18T10:27:16Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-06-18T10:27:16Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/95991", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "HDL:t (eng. high-density lipoproteins, HDLs) ovat monimuotoinen joukko lipoproteiineja, jotka v\u00e4litt\u00e4v\u00e4t useita alempaan syd\u00e4n- ja verisuonitautiriskiin yhteydess\u00e4 olevia toimintoja. HDL:n p\u00e4\u00e4asiallinen teht\u00e4v\u00e4 on kuljettaa kolesterolia perifeerisist\u00e4 soluista maksaan eritett\u00e4v\u00e4ksi k\u00e4\u00e4nteisess\u00e4 kolesterolin kuljetuksessa. Prosessin ensimm\u00e4inen vaihe on kolesterolin ulosvirtaus, jossa kolesteroli kulkeutuu soluista HDL-partikkeleille. Liikunnan on todettu lis\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4n HDL-partikkelien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4 ja tehostavan kolesterolin ulosvirtausta, mutta aerobisen kuntotason vaikutus kolesterolin ulosvirtaukseen on viel\u00e4 ep\u00e4selv\u00e4. Makrofagit ovat joukko immuunisoluja, jotka kykenev\u00e4t muuttamaan fenotyyppi\u00e4\u00e4n vasteena ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6\u00f6ns\u00e4 polarisaatioksi kutsutussa prosessissa. Valtimonkovettumataudissa tulehdusta edist\u00e4vien M1-makrofagien m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 verisuonten sein\u00e4miss\u00e4 lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyy. HDL:lla on tulehdusta ehk\u00e4isevi\u00e4 ominaisuuksia ja sen on hiirill\u00e4 todettu lis\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4n tulehdusta est\u00e4vien M2-tyypin makrofagien ilmentymist\u00e4. HDL:n rooli ihmisen makrofagien polarisaatiossa on viel\u00e4 ep\u00e4selv\u00e4. T\u00e4m\u00e4n ty\u00f6n tavoitteena oli tutkia HDL:n toiminnallisuutta kolesterolin ulosvirtauksen ja makrofagien polarisaation kautta ihmisen THP-1 makrofageissa. Ihmisen THP-1 makrofagit k\u00e4siteltiin hyv\u00e4- ja huonokuntoisten koehenkil\u00f6iden HDL:lla. Kolesterolin ulosvirtauskapasiteetti mitattiin fluoresoivasti leimattua kolesterolia hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4v\u00e4n menetelm\u00e4n avulla. Makrofagien polarisaatiota ja fenotyyppej\u00e4 HDL-k\u00e4sittelyiden j\u00e4lkeen tutkittiin qPCR:n sek\u00e4 immunoleimauksen ja konfokaalimikroskopian avulla. Kolesterolin ulosvirtaus oli tehokkaampaa matalan aerobisen kuntotason ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4. HDL ei suoraan vaikuttanut makrofagien polarisaatioon kohti M2 fenotyyppi\u00e4, mutta v\u00e4hensi VEGF-markkerin ilmentymist\u00e4 viitaten HDL:n mahdolliseen rooliin tulehduksellisen angiogeneesin ehk\u00e4isemisess\u00e4. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, ett\u00e4 aerobisella kuntotasolla ja kolesterolin ulosvirtauskapasiteetilla on yhteys, mutta yhteyden taustamekanismit vaativat lis\u00e4tutkimuksia. HDL:n vaikutus ihmisen makrofagien polarisaatioon j\u00e4\u00e4 viel\u00e4 ep\u00e4selv\u00e4ksi ja vaatii lis\u00e4tutkimuksia. Lis\u00e4ksi makrofagien polarisaatioprotokolla vaatii viel\u00e4 lis\u00e4tutkimuksia ja kehityst\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a diverse group of lipoproteins with beneficial functions related to lower cardiovascular risk. They function to deliver cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver for excretion in a process called reverse cholesterol transport. Cholesterol efflux is the first step of this process where cholesterol moves from the cell towards HDL. Exercise increases HDL levels and enhances cholesterol efflux, but the effect of aerobic fitness level on cholesterol efflux is less studied. Macrophages are plastic immune cells capable of phenotypic switching between inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes in a process called polarization. Macrophages play central roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by an imbalance of the M1 and M2 phenotypes, with M1 macrophages being more abundant. HDL increases the expression of M2 macrophages in mice but its effect on human macrophage polarization is less clear. The aim of this thesis was to study the functionality of HDL by examining the effect of aerobic fitness on HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and the effect of HDL on macrophage polarization in human THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 macrophages were incubated with HDL from individuals of high and low aerobic fitness followed by measuring the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) with a fluorescent-labeled cholesterol kit. The expression of macrophage markers after HDL treatments was studied with qPCR and immunofluorescence. CEC was higher in the low aerobic fitness group. HDL did not directly modulate the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype but decreased the expression of VEGF in macrophages, indicating a possible role in the inhibition of inflammatory angiogenesis. In conclusion, the results indicate a difference in efflux capacity in relation to aerobic fitness level but the mechanisms behind the interaction require further investigation. The role of HDL in the polarization of human macrophages remains unclear and requires more research. Additionally, the macrophage polarization protocol requires further investigation and standardization.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2024-06-18T10:27:16Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-06-18T10:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "53", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "aerobic fitness", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "apolipoprotein A-1", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "atherosclerosis", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "cholesterol", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "gene expression", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "high-density lipoprotein", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "polarization", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "reverse cholesterol transport", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "M1 macrophages", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "M2 macrophages", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux and macrophage polarization in human THP-1 macrophages", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202406184757", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Solu- ja molekyylibiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Cell and molecular biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4013", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kolesteroli", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ateroskleroosi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "makrofagit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "HDL-kolesteroli", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lipoproteiinit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "apolipoproteiinit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "cholesterol", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "atherosclerosis", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "macrophages", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "HDL cholesterol", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lipoproteins", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "apolipoproteins", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/collections/archival-workstation).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/kokoelmat/arkistotyoasema..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}]
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