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The most common ligament injury among javelin throwers is the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury of the elbow, which typically requires surgical intervention, careful rehabilitation, and an average absence from competitive sports for approximately 15 months. With each throw, the UCL’s ability to withstand valgus stress during the throwing motion is exceeded, necessitating strong support from muscles dynamically stabilizing the joint, including those pronating the forearm and flexing the wrist and fingers. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of high-intensity javelin throwing training on the width of the ulnar joint space and maximal forearm muscle strength in javelin throwers. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the potential associations between changes in muscle strength and joint space width, as well as the Oxford Elbow Score (OES) functional questionnaire. The goal was to identify tools for athletes to monitor the readiness of forearm muscles to act as dynamic stabilizers of the joint space during training session. The study was conducted as a part of research collaboration between the Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport (KIHU) and the University of Jyväskylä.
The sample comprised 25 national-level javelin throwers, including 13 men and 12 women. The mean age of male throwers was 24,0 years (SD ± 3,1) with a record of 77,20 m (SD ± 5,3). The mean age of female throwers was 24,9 years (SD ± 4,6) with a record of 55,62 m (SD ± 5,8). Participants completed the OES questionnaire and underwent measurements of grip strength, pinch strength, forearm pronation strength, and ulnar joint space width, before performing six maximal-effort throws. Following the throws, joint space width and muscle strengths were measured again. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon’s test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s correlation coefficient, with separate analyses conducted for males and females.
Among female throwers, forearm pronation strength significantly increased following the throwing training (p=0,037), whereas no significant change was observed among male throwers (p=0,839). Among male throwers, there was a correlation between changes in elbow joint space and grip strength, indicating that as grip strength decreased, joint space widened (r= -0,756, p=0,011). A correlation was also found between OES pain scores and joint space changes among male throwers (r=0,674, p=0,012), suggesting that increased elbow pain was associated with greater joint space widening. No significant correlations were found between change variables and OES scores among female throwers. In conclusion, monitoring the grip strength in male javelin throwers during training camps and competition season may serve as a practical tool to assess the readiness of forearm muscles and the elbow joint for high-intensity throwing, potentially reducing the risk of UCL injuries.
Keihäänheittäjillä yleisin nivelsidevamma on kyynärnivelen ulnaarisen kollateraalisen nivelsiteen (UCL) vamma, joka vaatii tavallisesti leikkausoperaation, huolellisen kuntoutuksen ja keskimäärin 15 kuukauden poissaolon kilpaurheilun parista. UCL:n kyky vastustaa heiton aikaista kyynärniveleen kohdistuvaa vääntörasitusta ylittyy jokaisella heitolla, joten heittokuormituksen kestääkseen se tarvitsee avukseen vahvan tuen nivelrakoa dynaamisesti tukevilta lihaksilta, joita ovat kyynärvartta pronatoivat sekä rannetta ja sormia koukistavat lihakset. Tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää keihäänheittäjän kovatehoisen heittoharjoituksen vaikutuksia kyynärnivelen ulnaarisen nivelraon leveyteen ja kyynärvarren maksimaaliseen lihasvoimaan. Lisäksi tarkoituksena oli selvittää mahdollisten lihasvoimien ja nivelraon muutosten yhteyttä toisiinsa sekä kyynärpään Oxford Elbow Score -toimintakykykyselyyn (OES). Tavoitteena oli löytää urheilijoille työkaluja, joiden avulla he voisivat seurata kyynärvarren lihasten valmiutta toimia nivelraon stabiloijina. Tutkielma toteutettiin osana Huippu-urheiluinstituutti KIHUn ja Jyväskylän yliopiston tutkimusta.
Aineisto koostui 25 maajoukkuetason keihäänheittäjästä, joista 13 oli miehiä ja 12 naisia. Miesheittäjien ikä oli keskimäärin 24,0 vuotta (SD ± 3,1) ja keihäänheiton ennätys 77,2 m (SD ± 5,3). Naisheittäjien ikä oli keskimäärin 24,9 vuotta (SD ± 4,6) ja keihäänheiton ennätys 55,62 m (SD ± 5,8). Heittäjät täyttivät OES-kyselyn ja heiltä mitattiin puristusvoima, nipistysvoima, kyynärvarren pronaatiovoima ja ulnaarisen nivelraon leveys, minkä jälkeen he heittivät kuusi heittoa maksimaalisella teholla. Heittojen jälkeen nivelraon leveys ja lihasvoimat mitattiin uudelleen. Aineisto analysoitiin Wilcoxonin testillä, Pearsonin korrelaatiokertoimella ja Spearmanin korrelaatiokertoimella. Analyysit toteutettiin erikseen miehille ja naisille.
Naisilla kyynärvarren pronaatiovoima parani 11,1 % heittoharjoituksen vaikutuksesta (p=0,037), kun taas miesheittäjillä muutosta ei havaittu (p=0,839). Miehillä kyynärnivelen nivelraon ja puristusvoiman muutos olivat yhteydessä siten että nivelrako leveni sitä enemmän mitä enemmän puristusvoima heikkeni (r= -0,756, p=0,011). Miehillä OES-kipukysymysten pisteiden ja nivelraon muutoksen välillä havaittiin yhteys (r=0,674, p=0,012) siten että mitä kipeämpi kyynärpää oli, sitä enemmän nivelrako leveni. Naisilla muutosten ja OES-kysymysten välillä ei havaittu yhteyttä.
Johtopäätöksenä voidaan todeta, että mieskeihäänheittäjillä puristusvoiman seuraaminen harjoitusleireillä ja kilpailukaudella voi toimia käytännöllisenä työkaluna, mikäli halutaan saada tietoa kyynärvarren lihasten ja kyynärnivelen valmiudesta kovatehoisiin heittoihin, mikä saattaa pienentää UCL-vammariskiä.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Hautala, Arto", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "K\u00f6ykk\u00e4, Miika", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Viitikko, Eero", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-06-14T11:32:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-06-14T11:32:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/95897", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The most common ligament injury among javelin throwers is the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury of the elbow, which typically requires surgical intervention, careful rehabilitation, and an average absence from competitive sports for approximately 15 months. With each throw, the UCL\u2019s ability to withstand valgus stress during the throwing motion is exceeded, necessitating strong support from muscles dynamically stabilizing the joint, including those pronating the forearm and flexing the wrist and fingers. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of high-intensity javelin throwing training on the width of the ulnar joint space and maximal forearm muscle strength in javelin throwers. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the potential associations between changes in muscle strength and joint space width, as well as the Oxford Elbow Score (OES) functional questionnaire. The goal was to identify tools for athletes to monitor the readiness of forearm muscles to act as dynamic stabilizers of the joint space during training session. The study was conducted as a part of research collaboration between the Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport (KIHU) and the University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. \n\nThe sample comprised 25 national-level javelin throwers, including 13 men and 12 women. The mean age of male throwers was 24,0 years (SD \u00b1 3,1) with a record of 77,20 m (SD \u00b1 5,3). The mean age of female throwers was 24,9 years (SD \u00b1 4,6) with a record of 55,62 m (SD \u00b1 5,8). Participants completed the OES questionnaire and underwent measurements of grip strength, pinch strength, forearm pronation strength, and ulnar joint space width, before performing six maximal-effort throws. Following the throws, joint space width and muscle strengths were measured again. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon\u2019s test, Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient and Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficient, with separate analyses conducted for males and females. \n\nAmong female throwers, forearm pronation strength significantly increased following the throwing training (p=0,037), whereas no significant change was observed among male throwers (p=0,839). Among male throwers, there was a correlation between changes in elbow joint space and grip strength, indicating that as grip strength decreased, joint space widened (r= -0,756, p=0,011). A correlation was also found between OES pain scores and joint space changes among male throwers (r=0,674, p=0,012), suggesting that increased elbow pain was associated with greater joint space widening. No significant correlations were found between change variables and OES scores among female throwers. In conclusion, monitoring the grip strength in male javelin throwers during training camps and competition season may serve as a practical tool to assess the readiness of forearm muscles and the elbow joint for high-intensity throwing, potentially reducing the risk of UCL injuries.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Keih\u00e4\u00e4nheitt\u00e4jill\u00e4 yleisin nivelsidevamma on kyyn\u00e4rnivelen ulnaarisen kollateraalisen nivelsiteen (UCL) vamma, joka vaatii tavallisesti leikkausoperaation, huolellisen kuntoutuksen ja keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 15 kuukauden poissaolon kilpaurheilun parista. UCL:n kyky vastustaa heiton aikaista kyyn\u00e4rniveleen kohdistuvaa v\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6rasitusta ylittyy jokaisella heitolla, joten heittokuormituksen kest\u00e4\u00e4kseen se tarvitsee avukseen vahvan tuen nivelrakoa dynaamisesti tukevilta lihaksilta, joita ovat kyyn\u00e4rvartta pronatoivat sek\u00e4 rannetta ja sormia koukistavat lihakset. Tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 keih\u00e4\u00e4nheitt\u00e4j\u00e4n kovatehoisen heittoharjoituksen vaikutuksia kyyn\u00e4rnivelen ulnaarisen nivelraon leveyteen ja kyyn\u00e4rvarren maksimaaliseen lihasvoimaan. Lis\u00e4ksi tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 mahdollisten lihasvoimien ja nivelraon muutosten yhteytt\u00e4 toisiinsa sek\u00e4 kyyn\u00e4rp\u00e4\u00e4n Oxford Elbow Score -toimintakykykyselyyn (OES). Tavoitteena oli l\u00f6yt\u00e4\u00e4 urheilijoille ty\u00f6kaluja, joiden avulla he voisivat seurata kyyn\u00e4rvarren lihasten valmiutta toimia nivelraon stabiloijina. Tutkielma toteutettiin osana Huippu-urheiluinstituutti KIHUn ja Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston tutkimusta.\n\nAineisto koostui 25 maajoukkuetason keih\u00e4\u00e4nheitt\u00e4j\u00e4st\u00e4, joista 13 oli miehi\u00e4 ja 12 naisia. Miesheitt\u00e4jien ik\u00e4 oli keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 24,0 vuotta (SD \u00b1 3,1) ja keih\u00e4\u00e4nheiton enn\u00e4tys 77,2 m (SD \u00b1 5,3). Naisheitt\u00e4jien ik\u00e4 oli keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 24,9 vuotta (SD \u00b1 4,6) ja keih\u00e4\u00e4nheiton enn\u00e4tys 55,62 m (SD \u00b1 5,8). Heitt\u00e4j\u00e4t t\u00e4yttiv\u00e4t OES-kyselyn ja heilt\u00e4 mitattiin puristusvoima, nipistysvoima, kyyn\u00e4rvarren pronaatiovoima ja ulnaarisen nivelraon leveys, mink\u00e4 j\u00e4lkeen he heittiv\u00e4t kuusi heittoa maksimaalisella teholla. Heittojen j\u00e4lkeen nivelraon leveys ja lihasvoimat mitattiin uudelleen. Aineisto analysoitiin Wilcoxonin testill\u00e4, Pearsonin korrelaatiokertoimella ja Spearmanin korrelaatiokertoimella. Analyysit toteutettiin erikseen miehille ja naisille.\n\nNaisilla kyyn\u00e4rvarren pronaatiovoima parani 11,1 % heittoharjoituksen vaikutuksesta (p=0,037), kun taas miesheitt\u00e4jill\u00e4 muutosta ei havaittu (p=0,839). Miehill\u00e4 kyyn\u00e4rnivelen nivelraon ja puristusvoiman muutos olivat yhteydess\u00e4 siten ett\u00e4 nivelrako leveni sit\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n mit\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n puristusvoima heikkeni (r= -0,756, p=0,011). Miehill\u00e4 OES-kipukysymysten pisteiden ja nivelraon muutoksen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 havaittiin yhteys (r=0,674, p=0,012) siten ett\u00e4 mit\u00e4 kipe\u00e4mpi kyyn\u00e4rp\u00e4\u00e4 oli, sit\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n nivelrako leveni. Naisilla muutosten ja OES-kysymysten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei havaittu yhteytt\u00e4. \n\nJohtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksen\u00e4 voidaan todeta, ett\u00e4 mieskeih\u00e4\u00e4nheitt\u00e4jill\u00e4 puristusvoiman seuraaminen harjoitusleireill\u00e4 ja kilpailukaudella voi toimia k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6llisen\u00e4 ty\u00f6kaluna, mik\u00e4li halutaan saada tietoa kyyn\u00e4rvarren lihasten ja kyyn\u00e4rnivelen valmiudesta kovatehoisiin heittoihin, mik\u00e4 saattaa pienent\u00e4\u00e4 UCL-vammariski\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2024-06-14T11:32:45Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-06-14T11:32:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "77", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ulnaarinen kollateraalinen nivelside", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "Oxford Elbow Score -toimintakykykysely", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Keih\u00e4\u00e4nheitt\u00e4j\u00e4n kovatehoisen heittoharjoituksen akuutit vaikutukset kyyn\u00e4rnivelen toimintakykyyn ja kyyn\u00e4rniveleen", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202406144663", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Physiotherapy", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Fysioterapia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "50422", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "puristusvoima", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "nivelsiteet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kyyn\u00e4rnivel", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "urheiluvammat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "keih\u00e4\u00e4nheitto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/en/workspaces/facilities/facilities#autotoc-item-autotoc-2).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/fi/tyoskentelytilat/laitteet-ja-tilat#autotoc-item-autotoc-2.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}]
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