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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Gagnon, Sheila", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Mikkonen, Ritva", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kurt\u00e9n, Vera", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-06-13T10:52:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-06-13T10:52:45Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/95852", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kurt\u00e9n. V. 2024. Heart rate variability-based recovery in hormonal contraceptive users and naturally menstruating females during an Considering different hormonal profiles and their effects on physiology may be important when females want to achieve the best possible training adaptations and recovery outcomes. There are notable differences between fluctuating sex hormones across the menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle. HC has become popular in both the general female population and athletes. However, there has been inconsistency in research findings regarding HC and the possible effects on recovery and training adaptations. Some studies have reported \nthat the fluctuations of endogenous and exogenous hormones impact aerobic capacity and the modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Heart rate variability (HRV) is a great method to assess the ANS's function, thereby describing an individual's recovery state. The objective of this Master\u2019s Thesis was to compare nocturnal HR and HRV between HC users and naturally menstruating females. Furthermore, to investigate the possible influence of moderate-intensity endurance training (MIET) on HRV-based recovery. \n\nHealthy young females (n=16, age 27.9 \u00b1 4.2 years) were recruited for this study. The participants were divided into two groups, one for monophasic HC users (n=8) and another for naturally menstruating females (n=8). The participants did an 8-week MIET period, of which approximately the first 4 weeks ((one HC or menstrual cycle (MC)) were analyzed for this thesis. HR and HRV were recorded with Garmin Venu 2S watches, which participants were asked to wear 24/7. Eight nights were chosen from the cycle for further analysis of nocturnal HR and HRV (RMSSD and HF). Four of the nights were in the active phase (AP) of HC or follicular phase (FP) of MC, and four were in the inactive phase (IP) or luteal phase (LP). The nights were chosen around training sessions of the highest intensity and duration possible, the \nnight before and after the sessions. Kubios software (Kubios Oy, Kuopio, Finland) was used for the analysis of the 4-hour interval of HR data. Statistical analysis for the descriptive data was done using independent t-tests. Possible differences in nocturnal HR, RMSSD, and HF power between groups and between pre-post workout nights were done using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). \n\nStatistical differences in nocturnal HR, RMSSD, or HF power between HC or MC phases or between the groups were not observed. MIET did not have a statistically significant influence on nocturnal HR, RMSSD, or HF power in either HC users or normally menstruating females. The small sample size, short data collection period, and the intensity of the aerobic training may also be reasons why no changes in the behavior of the autonomic nervous system were observed. The findings of the study indicate that hormonal variation does not have a statistically significant effect on autonomic modulation, but more studies on the subject are needed to be \nable to confirm the statement.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "On t\u00e4rke\u00e4\u00e4 ottaa huomioon naisten erilaiset hormooniprofiilit ja niiden ominaisuudet, kun tavoitteena on saavuttaa paras mahdollinen fyysinen suorituskyky ja palautuminen. Kuukautiskierron ja hormonaalisen ehk\u00e4isyn vaiheiden v\u00e4linen sukupuolihormonitasojen vaihtelu on suurta. Hormonaalisen ehk\u00e4isyn k\u00e4yt\u00f6st\u00e4 on tullut suosittua sek\u00e4 yleisess\u00e4 naisv\u00e4est\u00f6ss\u00e4, ett\u00e4 urheilijoiden keskuudessa. Tutkimustuloksissa on kuitenkin havaittu ep\u00e4johdonmukaisuutta koskien hormonaalista ehk\u00e4isy\u00e4 ja sen mahdollisia vaikutuksia \npalautumiseen ja harjoitteluun. Joissakin tutkimuksissa on havaittu, ett\u00e4 endogeenisten ja eksogeenisten hormonien vaihtelut vaikuttavat aerobiseen kapasiteettiin ja autonomisen hermoston modulaatioon. Sykev\u00e4livaihtelun mittaaminen on loistava tapa autonomisen hermoston toiminnan mittaamiseksi, kuvaamalla yksil\u00f6n palautumistilaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6n tavoitteena oli verrata y\u00f6n sykett\u00e4 ja sykev\u00e4livaihtelua hormonaalista ehk\u00e4isy\u00e4 \nk\u00e4ytt\u00e4vien ja luonnollisen kuukautiskierron omaavien naisten v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Lis\u00e4ksi tutkittiin kohtalaisen intensiteetin kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelun (MIET) mahdollista vaikutusta sykev\u00e4livaihteluun perustuvaan palautumiseen.\n\nT\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen osallistujat olivat nuoria terveit\u00e4 naisia (n=16, ik\u00e4 27,9 \u00b1 4,2 vuotta). Osallistujat jaettiin kahteen ryhm\u00e4\u00e4n, joista toiseen kuului yksivaiheisen hormonaalisen ehk\u00e4isyn k\u00e4ytt\u00e4j\u00e4t (n=8) ja toiseen luonnollisen kuukautiskierron omaavat naiset (n=8). Osallistujat tekiv\u00e4t 8 viikon MIET-jakson, josta noin 4 ensimm\u00e4ist\u00e4 viikkoa (yksi kierto) analysoitiin t\u00e4t\u00e4 opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6t\u00e4 varten. Syke ja sykev\u00e4livaihtelu tallennettiin Garmin Venu 2S kelloilla, joita osallistujia pyydettiin pit\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n k\u00e4dess\u00e4 24/7. Kierron ajalta valittiin kahdeksan y\u00f6t\u00e4 y\u00f6llisi\u00e4 sykeanalyysej\u00e4 varten, nelj\u00e4 y\u00f6t\u00e4 olivat ehk\u00e4isyn aktiivisessa vaiheessa tai \nluonnollisen kierron follikulaarisessa vaiheessa, sek\u00e4 nelj\u00e4 inaktiivisessa tai luteaalivaiheessa. Sykeanalyysit tehtiin Kubios ohjelmiston (Kubios Oy, Kuopio, Suomi) avulla. Y\u00f6t valittiin mahdollisimman korkean intensiteetin ja keston omaavien harjoitusten ymp\u00e4rille. Nelj\u00e4n tunnin jakso valittiin harjoituksia edelt\u00e4v\u00e4st\u00e4 ja sen j\u00e4lkeisest\u00e4 y\u00f6st\u00e4, jota k\u00e4ytettiin analysointiin. \nSyketietojen tilastollinen analyysi tehtiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 riippumattomia t-testej\u00e4. Mahdolliset erot y\u00f6n sykkeiss\u00e4, sykev\u00e4livaihtelun (RMSSD ja HF teho) ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ja harjoitusten ymp\u00e4r\u00f6ivien \u00f6iden v\u00e4lill\u00e4, tehtiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 kaksisuuntaista toistettujen mittausten varianssianalyysi\u00e4 (ANOVA). \n\nTilastollisia eroja y\u00f6n HR-, RMSSD- tai HF-tehossa hormonaalisen ehk\u00e4isyv\u00e4lineiden tai kuukautiskierron vaiheiden tai ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei havaittu. MIET:ll\u00e4 ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 vaikutusta y\u00f6n syke-, RMSSD- tai HF-tehoon hormonaalista ehk\u00e4isy\u00e4 k\u00e4ytt\u00e4vill\u00e4 tai luonnollisen kuukautiskierron omaavilla naisilla. Pieni otoskoko, lyhyt tiedonkeruujakso ja aerobisen harjoittelun intensiteetti, voivat my\u00f6s olla syit\u00e4 sille, ettei muutoksia autonomisen hermoston k\u00e4yt\u00f6ksess\u00e4 havaittu. Tutkimuksen havainnot indikoivat, ett\u00e4 hormonaalisella vaihtelulla ei ole tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 vaikutusta autonomiseen modulaatioon, mutta aihetta k\u00e4sittelevi\u00e4 tutkimuksia tarvitaan lis\u00e4\u00e4 toteamuksen vahvistamiseksi.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2024-06-13T10:52:45Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-06-13T10:52:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "78", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "hormonal contraceptives", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "heart rate variability", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "recovery", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Heart rate variability-based recovery in hormonal contraceptive users and naturally menstruating females during an endurance training intervention", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202406134618", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "palautuminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kuukautiskierto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "naiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "autonominen hermosto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "raskauden ehk\u00e4isy", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hormonaaliset vaikutukset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sukupuolihormonit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "recovery (return)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "menstrual cycle", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "women", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "autonomic nervous system", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "contraception", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hormonal effects", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sex hormones", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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