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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Burgas, Daniel", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Peura, Maiju", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "M\u00f6nkk\u00f6nen, Mikko", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "J\u00e4rvinen, Essi", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-04-23T09:36:37Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-04-23T09:36:37Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/94414", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Luonnon monimuotoisuus sis\u00e4lt\u00e4\u00e4 koko maapallon el\u00e4m\u00e4n monimuotoisuuden geneettiselt\u00e4 tasolta ekosysteemeihin ja maisemiin. Luonnon monimuotoisuus v\u00e4henee, ja suurin syy sille on ilmastonmuutoksen ohella elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6jen h\u00e4vi\u00e4minen ja niiden laadun heikkeneminen maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n, kuten intensiivisen mets\u00e4talouden vuoksi. Mets\u00e4sertifiointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t (PEFC, FSC) pyrkiv\u00e4t kest\u00e4v\u00e4mp\u00e4\u00e4n metsien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n ja ovat laajasti k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 Suomen metsiss\u00e4, mutta samalla mets\u00e4elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6t ja -lajit hupenevat edelleen. Sertifiointikriteerit on vasta uudistettu ja niiden tehokkuus metsien monimuotoisuuden suojelussa vaatii enemm\u00e4n ymm\u00e4rryst\u00e4. Samalla on huomioitava, ett\u00e4 Suomen talous nojaa edelleen vahvasti mets\u00e4talouteen, ja tarkasteltava my\u00f6s eri mets\u00e4nk\u00e4sittelyiden kustannuksia. T\u00e4m\u00e4n pro gradu -ty\u00f6n tavoitteena oli tutkia 1) miten sertifiointij\u00e4rjestelm\u00e4t eroavat luonnon monimuotoisuuteen liittyvien vaatimusten suhteen, 2) mitk\u00e4 ovat niiden vaikutukset metsien monimuotoisuuteen, ja 3) mitk\u00e4 ovat niiden vaikutukset puusta saataviin tuloihin. Ty\u00f6 toteutettiin k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en mets\u00e4nkasvusimulaatiota, jolla erilaiset mets\u00e4nk\u00e4sittelyvaihtoehdot simuloitiin tulevaisuuteen. Simulaatioihin valittiin satunnaisotannalla 2857 metsikk\u00f6\u00e4 Keski-Suomesta. Sertifiointien uusittujen versioiden luonnon monimuotoisuutta koskevat kriteerit koottiin ja mukautettiin mets\u00e4nk\u00e4sittelyihin (energiapuun korjuuta, s\u00e4\u00e4st\u00f6puita ja lehtipuusekoitusta koskevat kriteerit). Mets\u00e4nk\u00e4sittely\u00e4 rajoitettiin alueellisten ominaisuuksien perusteella (vesist\u00f6jen puskurivy\u00f6hykkeet, pohjavesialueet, suojelualueet ja erityiskohteet). Tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 sertifiointikriteereill\u00e4 k\u00e4siteltyjen metsien monimuotoisuusarvot ovat p\u00e4\u00e4osin huomattavasti alhaisempia verrattuna suojeltuihin metsiin. Kolmesta skenaariosta \u2014 mets\u00e4t, joita k\u00e4siteltiin ilman sertifikaattikriteereit\u00e4, PEFC:n kriteereill\u00e4 ja FSC:n kriteereill\u00e4 \u2014 korkeimmat monimuotoisuusarvot olivat FSC-sertifioiduissa metsiss\u00e4. PEFC-sertifioidut mets\u00e4t olivat monimuotoisuusarvoiltaan melko l\u00e4hell\u00e4 sertifioimattomia metsi\u00e4. FSC-mets\u00e4t tuottivat 20,4 % ja PEFC-mets\u00e4t 0,8 % v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n puusta saatavaa tuloa kuin sertifioimattomat mets\u00e4t, mutta k\u00e4yt\u00e4nn\u00f6ss\u00e4 FSC-sertifioidun puun parempi hinta kaventaa eroa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6n menetelmi\u00e4 ja tuloksia voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 metsien monimuotoisuutta koskevien sertifiointikriteerien arvioinnissa ja kehitt\u00e4misess\u00e4.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Biodiversity is the entire variety of life on earth, from genetic level to ecosystems and landscapes. There is an ongoing loss of global biodiversity, and the biggest driver along with the global warming is habitat loss due to the intensive land use, for example by forestry. Forest certifications (PEFC, FSC) aim for more sustainable use of forests, and they are widely used for Finnish forests, but at the same time forest habitats and species are declining. Certifications\u2019 criteria have recently been renewed, and their effectiveness in protecting forest biodiversity needs more understanding. Forestry is important for Finland, and it is necessary to also consider the costs of different forest managements. The aim of this master\u2019s thesis was to research 1) how do the certification schemes differ in terms of requirements related to biodiversity, 2) what are their effects on forest biodiversity, and 3) what are their effects on timber revenues. The thesis was executed using forest growth simulation with which the different forest management alternatives were simulated into the future. Random sample of 2857 stands in Central Finland was selected for the simulations. Biodiversity related criteria from the renewed versions of the certifications were compiled and adapted to adjustments to forest managements (criteria concerning energy wood harvesting, retention trees and deciduous trees). Managements were restricted based on spatial features (buffer zones for water bodies, groundwater areas, conservation areas, and special sites). Results show that forests managed with the certification schemes are generally far from protected forests in terms of biodiversity values. From the three scenarios \u2014 forests managed without certifications, with PEFC, and with FSC \u2014 FSC certified forests had the highest biodiversity values. PEFC certified forests\u2019 biodiversity values were rather close to uncertified forests. FSC forests brought 20.4% and PEFC forests 0.8% less income from wood than forests managed without certifications, but in practice the better price of the FSC certified wood would narrow the gap. The methods and results of this thesis can be used in the evaluation and developing the certification criteria concerning the forest biodiversity.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2024-04-23T09:36:37Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-04-23T09:36:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "47", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biodiversity loss", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "boreal forests", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "forestry", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "FSC", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "PEFC", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "The effectiveness of forest certifications in protecting biodiversity", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202404233027", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Environmental science", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "40151", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mets\u00e4t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biodiversiteetti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4v\u00e4 mets\u00e4talous", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mets\u00e4talous", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "forests", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biodiversity", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sustainable forest management", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "forestry", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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