| description |
Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, havaitaanko spinaalisessa ja/tai supraspinaalisessa
motorisessa kontrollissa sukupuolten välisiä eroja dynaamisessa tasapainotilanteessa. Aihetta
tutkittiin analysoimalla tasapainohäiriön aikana ilmaantuvia neuraalisia vasteita. Lisäksi
selvitettiin, onko tasapainokontrollin vasteissa havaittavissa sukupuolten välisiä eroja ja
havaitaanko niillä yhteyttä neuraalisiin vasteisiin.
Tutkittavina oli kahdeksan miestä ja kahdeksan naista, joiden iät vaihtelivat 30–45 vuoden
välillä. Muista mittauksista poiketen tasapainokontrollin vasteet oli analysoitavissa viideltä
mieheltä ja seitsemältä naiselta. Mittausprotokollaan kuului lyhyen lämmittelyn jälkeen
dynaamisen tasapainon harjoitussarja, H-refleksin rekrytointikäyrän määrittäminen,
maksimaalisen isometrisen plantaarifleksion aikaiset mittaukset, dynaamisen tasapainon
toinen harjoitussarja ja sen jälkeen dynaamisen tasapainon varsinaiset mittaukset.
Tasapainohäiriöissä tutkittaville tuotettiin satunnaistetussa järjestyksessä eteen- ja taaksepäin
suuntautuvia häiriöitä, joita oli yhdeksän sarjaa ja kussakin sarjassa oli yhteensä 16 häiriötä.
Häiriöt aiheutettiin moottoroidulla tasapainolaitteistolla, jonka päällä oli voimalevy. Tässä
tutkimuksessa analysoitiin taaksepäin suuntautuvat häiriöt. Neuraaliset vasteet mitattiin
H-refleksi- ja V-aaltomenetelmillä leveästä kantalihaksesta (SOL, m. soleus) neljällä eri
viiveellä (30, 70, 100, 130 ms). Tasapainohäiriön aikana mitattiin myös painekeskipisteen
(COP, center of pressure) siirtymä ja nopeus. Lisäksi mitattiin isometrisen plantaarifleksion
aikainen V-aalto, maksimaalinen voimantuotto (MVC) ja voimantuottonopeus (RFD).
Dynaamisissa tasapainotilanteissa mitattuja H-refleksi- ja V-aaltovasteita analysoitiin
toistettujen mittausten varianssianalyysillä (repeated measures ANOVA). H-refleksissä tai
H-refleksin ja V-aallon suhteessa (Vnorm/Hnorm) ei ollut havaittavissa tilastollisesti merkitsevää
eroa miesten ja naisten välillä millään viiveellä. V-aaltovasteissa sen sijaan havaittiin miehillä
suurempi aktiivisuus 130 ms:n viiveellä
(p = 0.007). Maksimaalisen isometrisen
plantaarifleksion aikainen V-aalto (Visom), MVC, RFD sekä häiriön aikaiset COP-siirtymä ja-nopeus analysoitiin riippumattomien otosten t-testillä (independent samples t test). Visom:ssa
ei havaittu sukupuolten välistä eroa, mutta muissa muuttujissa todettiin tilastollisesti
merkitsevät erot naisten ja miesten kesken: MVC (p < 0.001) ja RFD (p < 0.001) olivat
suuremmat miehillä, COP-siirtymä (p < 0.001) ja COP-nopeus (p = 0.002) puolestaan naisilla.
Korrelaatioita
tutkittiin
Spearmanin korrelaatiokertoimen (ρ) avulla. MVC:n ja
COP-siirtymän (ρ =-0.811, n = 12, p = 0.001) ja RFD:n ja COP-nopeuden välillä havaittiin
korrelaatio (ρ =-0.783, n = 12, p = 0.003). 130 ms:n V-aallolla havaittiin korrelaatio sekä
COP-siirtymän (ρ =-0.678, n = 12, p = 0.015) että COP-nopeuden (ρ=-0.657, n = 12, p =
0.02) kanssa. Lisäksi 130 ms:n Vnorm/Hnorm-suhteella havaittiin korrelaatio COP-siirtymän
(ρ =-0.685, n = 12, p = 0.014) ja COP-nopeuden kanssa (ρ =-0.608, n = 12, p = 0.036).
Tässä tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että miesten ja naisten motorinen kontrolli poikkeaa toisistaan
dynaamisessa tasapainohäiriössä. Miehillä mitattiin voimakkaampaa tahdonalaista
aktiivisuutta ja tällä oli yhteys parempaan tasapainokontrolliin häiriön aikana. Spinaalisen
tason ohjauksessa ei havaittu sukupuolten välistä eroa tai yhteyttä tasapainokontrolliin.
The objective of this study was to determine potential gender differences in spinal and/or
supraspinal motor control in the context of dynamic balance perturbation. The research
involved the assessment of neural and balance control responses elicited during the
perturbation. In addition, the relationship between neural and balance control responses was
evaluated.
Eight male and eight female participants, aged between 30 and 45 years, were recruited.
However, the balance control responses were analyzed from five men and seven women. The
measurement protocol included, after a short warm-up, one set of dynamic balance exercises,
determination of the H-reflex recruitment curve, measurements during maximal isometric
plantar flexion, another set of dynamic balance exercises, and then the actual measurements
of dynamic balance. For the balance perturbations, forward and backward disturbances were
randomly generated using a motorized balance device equipped with a force plate. There were
a total of nine perturbation series and a total of 16 disturbances in each series. The responses
elicited during the backward disturbances were analyzed from the soleus muscle (SOL, m.
soleus). The measured neural responses included the H-reflex and V-wave at four different
delays (30, 70, 100, 130 ms) and the V-wave response during isometric plantar flexion.
Maximal force production (MVC) and force production rate (RFD) were assessed during
isometric plantar flexion. Additionally, center of pressure (COP) displacement and velocity
were measured in response to the balance disturbance.
H-reflex and V-wave responses measured in perturbations were analyzed using repeated
measures ANOVA. There was no statistically significant difference in the H-reflex or the
H-reflex to V-wave ratio (Vnorm/Hnorm) between men and women at any time delay. In the
V-wave responses, however, men exhibited higher activity with a delay of 130 ms (p = 0.007).
MVC, RFD and V-wave (Visom) during maximal isometric plantar flexion as well as COP
displacement and velocity during disturbance were analyzed using the independent samples t
test. In the analysis of Visom, no gender difference was noted. However, statistical significance
was observed in other variables: men exhibited higher values in MVC (p < 0.001) and RFD (p
< 0.001), whereas women demonstrated higher values in COP displacement (p < 0.001) and
COP speed (p = 0.002). Correlations were assessed utilizing Spearman's correlation
coefficient (ρ). A correlation was observed between MVC and COP displacement (ρ =-0.811,
n = 12, p =0.001) and between RFD and COP velocity (ρ =-0.783, n = 12, p = 0.003. For the
130 ms V-wave, a correlation was observed with both COP displacement (ρ =-0.678, n = 12,
p = 0.015) and COP velocity (ρ =-0.657, n = 12, p = 0.02). Furthermore, a correlation was
found between the 130 ms Vnorm/Hnorm and both COP displacement (ρ =-0.685, n = 12, p =
0.014) and COP speed (r =-0.617, n = 12, p = 0.033).
This study identified gender differences in motor control during dynamic balance
perturbations. Men demonstrated enhanced voluntary control, correlating with better balance
control in response to the perturbation. No gender difference was observed in spinal control,
and there was no correlation found between spinal control and balance control.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Piirainen, Jarmo", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Nevanper\u00e4, Samuli", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Pohjonen, Heidi", "language": null, "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2024-04-16T09:30:14Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2024-04-16T09:30:14Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2024", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/94326", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, havaitaanko spinaalisessa ja/tai supraspinaalisessa\n motorisessa kontrollissa sukupuolten v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 eroja dynaamisessa tasapainotilanteessa. Aihetta\n tutkittiin analysoimalla tasapainoh\u00e4iri\u00f6n aikana ilmaantuvia neuraalisia vasteita. Lis\u00e4ksi\n selvitettiin, onko tasapainokontrollin vasteissa havaittavissa sukupuolten v\u00e4lisi\u00e4 eroja ja\n havaitaanko niill\u00e4 yhteytt\u00e4 neuraalisiin vasteisiin.\n Tutkittavina oli kahdeksan miest\u00e4 ja kahdeksan naista, joiden i\u00e4t vaihtelivat 30\u201345 vuoden\n v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Muista mittauksista poiketen tasapainokontrollin vasteet oli analysoitavissa viidelt\u00e4\n miehelt\u00e4 ja seitsem\u00e4lt\u00e4 naiselta. Mittausprotokollaan kuului lyhyen l\u00e4mmittelyn j\u00e4lkeen\n dynaamisen tasapainon harjoitussarja, H-refleksin rekrytointik\u00e4yr\u00e4n m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4minen,\n maksimaalisen isometrisen plantaarifleksion aikaiset mittaukset, dynaamisen tasapainon\n toinen harjoitussarja ja sen j\u00e4lkeen dynaamisen tasapainon varsinaiset mittaukset.\n Tasapainoh\u00e4iri\u00f6iss\u00e4 tutkittaville tuotettiin satunnaistetussa j\u00e4rjestyksess\u00e4 eteen- ja taaksep\u00e4in\n suuntautuvia h\u00e4iri\u00f6it\u00e4, joita oli yhdeks\u00e4n sarjaa ja kussakin sarjassa oli yhteens\u00e4 16 h\u00e4iri\u00f6t\u00e4.\n H\u00e4iri\u00f6t aiheutettiin moottoroidulla tasapainolaitteistolla, jonka p\u00e4\u00e4ll\u00e4 oli voimalevy. T\u00e4ss\u00e4\n tutkimuksessa analysoitiin taaksep\u00e4in suuntautuvat h\u00e4iri\u00f6t. Neuraaliset vasteet mitattiin\n H-refleksi- ja V-aaltomenetelmill\u00e4 leve\u00e4st\u00e4 kantalihaksesta (SOL, m. soleus) nelj\u00e4ll\u00e4 eri\n viiveell\u00e4 (30, 70, 100, 130 ms). Tasapainoh\u00e4iri\u00f6n aikana mitattiin my\u00f6s painekeskipisteen\n (COP, center of pressure) siirtym\u00e4 ja nopeus. Lis\u00e4ksi mitattiin isometrisen plantaarifleksion\n aikainen V-aalto, maksimaalinen voimantuotto (MVC) ja voimantuottonopeus (RFD).\n Dynaamisissa tasapainotilanteissa mitattuja H-refleksi- ja V-aaltovasteita analysoitiin\n toistettujen mittausten varianssianalyysill\u00e4 (repeated measures ANOVA). H-refleksiss\u00e4 tai\n H-refleksin ja V-aallon suhteessa (Vnorm/Hnorm) ei ollut havaittavissa tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4\n eroa miesten ja naisten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 mill\u00e4\u00e4n viiveell\u00e4. V-aaltovasteissa sen sijaan havaittiin miehill\u00e4\n suurempi aktiivisuus 130 ms:n viiveell\u00e4\n (p = 0.007). Maksimaalisen isometrisen\n plantaarifleksion aikainen V-aalto (Visom), MVC, RFD sek\u00e4 h\u00e4iri\u00f6n aikaiset COP-siirtym\u00e4 ja-nopeus analysoitiin riippumattomien otosten t-testill\u00e4 (independent samples t test). Visom:ssa\n ei havaittu sukupuolten v\u00e4list\u00e4 eroa, mutta muissa muuttujissa todettiin tilastollisesti\n merkitsev\u00e4t erot naisten ja miesten kesken: MVC (p < 0.001) ja RFD (p < 0.001) olivat\n suuremmat miehill\u00e4, COP-siirtym\u00e4 (p < 0.001) ja COP-nopeus (p = 0.002) puolestaan naisilla.\n Korrelaatioita\n tutkittiin\n Spearmanin korrelaatiokertoimen (\u03c1) avulla. MVC:n ja\n COP-siirtym\u00e4n (\u03c1 =-0.811, n = 12, p = 0.001) ja RFD:n ja COP-nopeuden v\u00e4lill\u00e4 havaittiin\n korrelaatio (\u03c1 =-0.783, n = 12, p = 0.003). 130 ms:n V-aallolla havaittiin korrelaatio sek\u00e4\n COP-siirtym\u00e4n (\u03c1 =-0.678, n = 12, p = 0.015) ett\u00e4 COP-nopeuden (\u03c1=-0.657, n = 12, p =\n 0.02) kanssa. Lis\u00e4ksi 130 ms:n Vnorm/Hnorm-suhteella havaittiin korrelaatio COP-siirtym\u00e4n\n (\u03c1 =-0.685, n = 12, p = 0.014) ja COP-nopeuden kanssa (\u03c1 =-0.608, n = 12, p = 0.036).\n T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa havaittiin, ett\u00e4 miesten ja naisten motorinen kontrolli poikkeaa toisistaan\n dynaamisessa tasapainoh\u00e4iri\u00f6ss\u00e4. Miehill\u00e4 mitattiin voimakkaampaa tahdonalaista\n aktiivisuutta ja t\u00e4ll\u00e4 oli yhteys parempaan tasapainokontrolliin h\u00e4iri\u00f6n aikana. Spinaalisen\n tason ohjauksessa ei havaittu sukupuolten v\u00e4list\u00e4 eroa tai yhteytt\u00e4 tasapainokontrolliin.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The objective of this study was to determine potential gender differences in spinal and/or\n supraspinal motor control in the context of dynamic balance perturbation. The research\n involved the assessment of neural and balance control responses elicited during the\n perturbation. In addition, the relationship between neural and balance control responses was\n evaluated.\n Eight male and eight female participants, aged between 30 and 45 years, were recruited.\n However, the balance control responses were analyzed from five men and seven women. The\n measurement protocol included, after a short warm-up, one set of dynamic balance exercises,\n determination of the H-reflex recruitment curve, measurements during maximal isometric\n plantar flexion, another set of dynamic balance exercises, and then the actual measurements\n of dynamic balance. For the balance perturbations, forward and backward disturbances were\n randomly generated using a motorized balance device equipped with a force plate. There were\n a total of nine perturbation series and a total of 16 disturbances in each series. The responses\n elicited during the backward disturbances were analyzed from the soleus muscle (SOL, m.\n soleus). The measured neural responses included the H-reflex and V-wave at four different\n delays (30, 70, 100, 130 ms) and the V-wave response during isometric plantar flexion.\n Maximal force production (MVC) and force production rate (RFD) were assessed during\n isometric plantar flexion. Additionally, center of pressure (COP) displacement and velocity\n were measured in response to the balance disturbance.\n H-reflex and V-wave responses measured in perturbations were analyzed using repeated\n measures ANOVA. There was no statistically significant difference in the H-reflex or the\n H-reflex to V-wave ratio (Vnorm/Hnorm) between men and women at any time delay. In the\n V-wave responses, however, men exhibited higher activity with a delay of 130 ms (p = 0.007).\n MVC, RFD and V-wave (Visom) during maximal isometric plantar flexion as well as COP\n displacement and velocity during disturbance were analyzed using the independent samples t\n test. In the analysis of Visom, no gender difference was noted. However, statistical significance\n was observed in other variables: men exhibited higher values in MVC (p < 0.001) and RFD (p\n < 0.001), whereas women demonstrated higher values in COP displacement (p < 0.001) and\n COP speed (p = 0.002). Correlations were assessed utilizing Spearman's correlation\n coefficient (\u03c1). A correlation was observed between MVC and COP displacement (\u03c1 =-0.811,\n n = 12, p =0.001) and between RFD and COP velocity (\u03c1 =-0.783, n = 12, p = 0.003. For the\n 130 ms V-wave, a correlation was observed with both COP displacement (\u03c1 =-0.678, n = 12,\n p = 0.015) and COP velocity (\u03c1 =-0.657, n = 12, p = 0.02). Furthermore, a correlation was\n found between the 130 ms Vnorm/Hnorm and both COP displacement (\u03c1 =-0.685, n = 12, p =\n 0.014) and COP speed (r =-0.617, n = 12, p = 0.033).\n This study identified gender differences in motor control during dynamic balance\n perturbations. Men demonstrated enhanced voluntary control, correlating with better balance\n control in response to the perturbation. No gender difference was observed in spinal control,\n and there was no correlation found between spinal control and balance control.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2024-04-16T09:30:14Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2024-04-16T09:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2024", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "81", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "dynaaminen tasapaino", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "motorinen kontrolli", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "H-refleksi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "V-aalto", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Dynaamisen tasapainon spinaalinen ja supraspinaalinen motorinen kontrolli miehill\u00e4 ja naisilla", "language": null, "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202404162945", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomechanics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5012", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tasapaino", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sukupuolierot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "refleksit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "elektromyografia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "motoriikka", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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