The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures

Climate change increases variation in environmental conditions and reduces the population sizes of many species, thus making evolutionary adaptation more difficult. According to the general theory, evolutionary adaptation to one environment weakens the adaptation to alternative environments due to...

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Päätekijä: Nieminen, Veera
Muut tekijät: Faculty of Sciences, Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän yliopisto
Aineistotyyppi: Pro gradu
Kieli:eng
Julkaistu: 2023
Aiheet:
Linkit: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/92527
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author Nieminen, Veera
author2 Faculty of Sciences Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Department of Biological and Environmental Science Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_facet Nieminen, Veera Faculty of Sciences Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Department of Biological and Environmental Science Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto Nieminen, Veera Faculty of Sciences Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Department of Biological and Environmental Science Bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylän yliopisto
author_sort Nieminen, Veera
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description Climate change increases variation in environmental conditions and reduces the population sizes of many species, thus making evolutionary adaptation more difficult. According to the general theory, evolutionary adaptation to one environment weakens the adaptation to alternative environments due to antagonistically pleiotropic alleles. However, antagonistic pleiotropy is rarely observed in experiments. A new theory has been put forward to explain this paradox, stating that the interplay of environmental variation and population size can affect the detection of fitness trade-offs. Based on this, larger populations may adapt faster to fluctuating environments than smaller populations and are able to avoid fitness costs between environments. We wanted to evaluate whether large populations adapt more efficiently to fluctuating temperatures than small populations. We did an evolution experiment with fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), where strains evolved for 500 generations at constant and fluctuating temperatures. Evolved strains competed against ancestral strains in temperatures that matched the conditions during evolution to detect possible adaptations and in alternative environments to detect trade-offs. We did not find evidence for the interaction of environmental variation and population size. Population size did not affect adaptation to temperature fluctuations, and no trade-offs were observed. One possible explanation for the results is that temperature adaptation requires a lot of time and genetic evolution.
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According to the general theory, evolutionary adaptation to one environment weakens the adaptation to alternative environments due to antagonistically pleiotropic alleles. However, antagonistic pleiotropy is rarely observed in experiments. A new theory has been put forward to explain this paradox, stating that the interplay of environmental variation and population \nsize can affect the detection of fitness trade-offs. Based on this, larger populations may adapt faster to fluctuating environments than smaller populations and are able to avoid fitness costs between environments. We wanted to evaluate whether large populations adapt more efficiently to fluctuating temperatures than small populations. We did an evolution experiment with fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), where strains evolved for 500 generations at constant and fluctuating temperatures. 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spellingShingle Nieminen, Veera The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures experimental evolution fitness Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ecology and evolutionary biology Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia 4011 kilpailu (biologia) populaatiot ilmastonmuutokset evoluutio competition (biology) populations climate changes evolution
title The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures
title_full The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures
title_fullStr The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures
title_full_unstemmed The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures
title_short The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures
title_sort effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures
title_txtP The effect of population size on adaptation to fluctuating temperatures
topic experimental evolution fitness Schizosaccharomyces pombe Ecology and evolutionary biology Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia 4011 kilpailu (biologia) populaatiot ilmastonmuutokset evoluutio competition (biology) populations climate changes evolution
topic_facet 4011 Ecology and evolutionary biology Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia Schizosaccharomyces pombe climate changes competition (biology) evolution evoluutio experimental evolution fitness ilmastonmuutokset kilpailu (biologia) populaatiot populations
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/92527 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202401031030
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