Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities

Maailman antidopingtoimisto WADAn antidopingsäännöstö ja käytänteet ovat saaneet osakseen kritiikkiä urheilijoiden oikeuksiin ja osallistamiseen liittyen, vaikka yleisesti dopingvalvonta nähdään tarpeellisena. Tällä tutkielmalla on kolme päätavoitetta. Ensiksi tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää,...

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Main Author: Ketola, Tanja
Other Authors: Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Liikunta- ja terveystieteet, Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2023
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/92394
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author Ketola, Tanja
author2 Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Ketola, Tanja Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Ketola, Tanja Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Ketola, Tanja
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description Maailman antidopingtoimisto WADAn antidopingsäännöstö ja käytänteet ovat saaneet osakseen kritiikkiä urheilijoiden oikeuksiin ja osallistamiseen liittyen, vaikka yleisesti dopingvalvonta nähdään tarpeellisena. Tällä tutkielmalla on kolme päätavoitetta. Ensiksi tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten Suomen urheilun eettisen keskuksen (SUEK) testauspooliurheilijat kokevat olinpaikkatietojärjestelmän tehokkuuden ja oikeutuksen. Toiseksi tutkielman tarkoituksena on tutkia kokevatko urheilijat, että he ovat saaneet tarpeeksi asianmukaista tietoa antidopingjärjestelmästä. Kolmanneksi tarkoituksena on selvittää urheilijoiden kiinnostusta vaikuttaa SUEKin toimintaan. Tutkielman teoreettinen viitekehys luotiin Sport Drug Control Model -teorian (Donovan et al., 2002) pohjalta soveltaen legitimiteetin käsitettä. Teorian mukaan urheilijoiden näkemykset antidopingtoimijoiden ja heidän toimintansa oikeutuksesta vaikuttavat urheilijoiden dopingiin liittyviin asenteisiin ja käyttäytymiseen. Tätä teoriapohjaa sovellettiin antidopingtoiminnan nykykontekstiin perehtymällä aihealueen aiempiin tutkimuksiin. Tutkielman aineisto kerättiin käyttämällä kahta tutkimusmenetelmää. SUEKin rekisteröityyn testauspooliin (RTP) kuului tutkimuksen toteutuksen aikaan 120 urheilijaa, joille lähetettiin kyselylomake. Tämän lisäksi aineiston keräämiseksi toteutettiin kaksi puolistrukturoitua teemahaastattelua. Haastatteluihin osallistuneet kaksi urheilijaa olivat kuuluneet SUEKin rekisteröityyn testauspooliin, mutta heidät oli poistettu testauspoolista tutkimuksen toteutusta edeltävän vuoden aikana urheilu-uran lopettamisen takia. Tutkimuksen määrällinen aineisto analysoitiin frekvenssein ja ristiintaulukoinnein. Kyselyn ja haastatteluiden laadullinen aineisto analysoitiin käyttämällä teema-analyysiä. Tutkielman tulokset osoittavat, että SUEKin RTP-urheilijat kokivat olinpaikkatietojärjestelmän laajasti hyväksyttävänä ja jopa tarpeellisena antidopingtoiminnan keinona. SUEK antidopingtoimijana näyttäisi saavuttavan legitimiteetin urheilijoiden näkökulmasta tarkasteltaessa koulutustoimintaa, sillä urheilijat raportoivat saaneensa tarpeeksi asianmukaista tietoa ja koulutusta antidopingjärjestelmästä. Kiinnostus vaikuttaa SUEKin toimintaan jakoi urheilijoiden näkemyksiä. Enemmistö urheilijoista ei ilmaissut kiinnostusta vaikuttaa SUEKin toimintaan, mutta samalla 43 % tutkimukseen osallistuneista urheilijoista ilmoitti olevansa tai mahdollisesti olevansa kiinnostuneita vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Despite the general support for doping controls, the policies and regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency have received criticism regarding athletes’ rights and engagement. This thesis has three main aims. Firstly, to investigate whether the Athlete Whereabouts system achieves legitimacy regarding its efficiency as an anti-doping strategy among Registered Testing Pool athletes of the Finnish Center for Integrity in Sports (FINCIS). Secondly, to examine if athletes feel that they have received appropriate information about the anti-doping system. And thirdly, to investigate athletes’ interest in influencing the activities of FINCIS. The theoretical framework of this thesis was constructed using the Sport Drug Control Model by Donovan et al. (2002) and adapting the concept of legitimacy. The theory states that perceived legitimacy of an anti-doping authority and its actions influence athletes’ attitudes towards doping and consequently doping behaviors. These concepts were adapted to the current anti-doping context through examination of previous research. The data for this thesis was collected using two methods. A questionnaire that was sent to 120 elite athletes included in FINCIS’ Registered Testing Pool (RTP) followed by two semi-structured theme interviews of athletes. The interviewed athletes had been included in the RTP but excluded within a year prior to conducting this study due to ending their sporting career. The quantitative data was examined through frequencies and cross-tabulation. The qualitative data from the questionnaire and the interviews were examined using thematic analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Athlete Whereabouts system is widely accepted and even supported as a necessary anti-doping strategy by the FINCIS RTP athletes. FINCIS as an authority seems to gain legitimacy from the athletes through educational efforts, as athletes reported that they have been provided with appropriate information and education. Interest in influencing anti-doping activities seems to divide the athletes in this study. Most athletes did not express interest in influencing the system, while 43 percent reported that they would or might be willing to engage with FINCIS activities.
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spellingShingle Ketola, Tanja Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? : Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities Liikunnan yhteiskuntatieteet Social Sciences of Sport 5032 urheilijat urheilu antidoping huippu-urheilu athletes sports anti-doping top sports
title Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? : Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities
title_full Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? : Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities
title_fullStr Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? : Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? : Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities
title_full_unstemmed Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? : Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? : Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities
title_short Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work?
title_sort elite athletes in the anti doping system justifiable anti doping work finnish elite athletes perceptions on the anti doping system and activities
title_sub Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities
title_txtP Elite Athletes in the Anti-Doping System – Justifiable Anti-Doping Work? : Finnish Elite Athletes’ Perceptions on the Anti-Doping System and Activities
topic Liikunnan yhteiskuntatieteet Social Sciences of Sport 5032 urheilijat urheilu antidoping huippu-urheilu athletes sports anti-doping top sports
topic_facet 5032 Liikunnan yhteiskuntatieteet Social Sciences of Sport anti-doping antidoping athletes huippu-urheilu sports top sports urheilijat urheilu
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/92394 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202312198389
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