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Leposykkeen ja -sykevälivaihtelun mittauksia hyödynnetään urheilussa harjoitusvalmiuden ja palautumisen seurantaan. Fotopletysmografiamenetelmään (PPG) perustuvilla puettavilla laitteilla sydämen lyöntitaajuutta voidaan mitata helposti päivittäin. PPG-menetelmä mittaa veren tilavuuden muutoksia, eli pulssiaaltoja, perifeerisissä verisuonissa, joista voidaan määrittää pulssi ja pulssivälivaihtelu. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tarkastella PPG-menetelmään perustuvalla Polar Vantage V2 -rannelaitteella mitatun pulssin ja pulssivälivaihtelun validiteettia levossa. Lisäksi tarkoituksena oli tutkia pulssin ja pulssivälivaihtelun toistettavuutta kahden yön välillä, joita oli edeltänyt identtinen kestävyysharjoitus. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteensä 40 kokenutta harrastetason kestävyysjuoksijaa (naiset n = 20, miehet n = 20). Polar Vantage V2 -rannelaitteen (PPG) validiteettia tarkasteltiin suhteessa Polar H10 -sykesensoriin (HRS). Mittaukset suoritettiin levossa: 1) laboratorio-olosuhteissa, hereillä, makuuasennossa (5 min, n = 39) sekä 2) kotioloissa, yön aikana nukkuessa (4 h, n = 29). Mittauksista analysoitiin pulssi (PPG) tai syke (HRS) sekä pulssi-/sykevälivaihtelun aikakenttämuuttuja LnRMSSD. Yön aikaisen pulssin ja pulssivälivaihtelun toistettavuutta tutkittiin erikseen kahden eri harjoitusjakson aikana: 1) matalaintensiteettisen (LIT, n = 40) ja 2) korkeaintensiteettisen kestävyysharjoitusjakson (HIIT, n = 37) aikana. Toistettavuutta tutkittiin kahden yön välillä, joita edelsi identtinen LIT- tai HIIT-kestävyysharjoitus. Laboratoriotallennuksissa PPG- ja HRS-menetelmillä mitatun pulssin ja sykkeen välillä ei havaittu eroja, mutta yön aikaisissa tallennuksissa PPG aliarvioi sydämen lyöntitaajuutta hieman (bias -0,7 ± 0,6; p < 0,001). PPG-menetelmän havaittiin myös yliarvioivan LnRMSSD-arvoa sekä 5 min tallennuksissa (bias 0,19 ± 0,21; p < 0,001) että 4 h tallennuksissa (bias 0,17 ± 0,20; p < 0,001). PPG- ja HRS-menetelmien välillä havaittiin kuitenkin korkea yhdenmukaisuus absoluuttisen prosentuaalisen keskivirheen ollessa hyväksyttävällä tasolla (MAPE < 6 %) ja korrelaation ollessa lähes täydellinen (r > 0,9; p < 0,001) kaikkien tallennusten osalta. Yön aikaisten pulssi- ja pulssivälivaihtelumittausten havaittiin myös olevan erittäin toistettavia molempien harjoitusjaksojen aikana variaatiokertoimen ollessa pieni (CV < 8 %) ja sisäkorrelaation ollessa korkea (ICC > 0,8). Tulosten perusteella PPG-menetelmään perustuvalla Polar Vantage V2 -rannelaitteella voidaan mitata pulssia ja pulssivälivaihtelua riittävän tarkasti levossa. PPG-menetelmän validiteettia on tutkittu erityisesti laboratorio-olosuhteissa, mutta tässä opinnäytetyössä validiteettia tarkasteltiin myös luonnollisessa elinympäristössä, johon kaupallisten PPG-menetelmään perustuvien laitteiden käyttötarkoitukset kohdistuvat. Lisäksi tämän opinnäytetyön tulosten perusteella yön aikaisia pulssi- ja pulssivälivaihtelumittauksia voidaan pitää toistettavina silloin, kun öitä edeltävät harjoitukset on suoritettu samalla intensiteetillä ja volyymillä. Yön aikaisten pulssimittausten voidaan siis ajatella olevan sopiva menetelmä autonomisen hermoston aktiivisuuden seurantaan urheilussa, mutta toistettavuuden osalta lisää tutkimusta kuitenkin tarvitaan.
Resting state measurements of heart rate and heart rate variability are used to monitor training status and recovery in sports. Pulse rate can be easily measured with photoplethysmography (PPG) based wearable devices on daily basis. PPG measures blood volume changes, in other words pulse waves, in peripheral microvasculature, from which pulse and pulse rate variability can be determined. The purpose of this thesis was to validate PPG based wrist-worn Polar Vantage V2 to measure pulse and pulse rate variability at rest. In addition, the aim was to investigate reliability of nocturnal pulse and pulse rate variability measurements between two nights preceded by identical endurance training sessions. Total of 40 recreational endurance runners participated in this study (women n = 20, men n = 20). Validity of Polar Vantage V2 (PPG) was evaluated in relation to Polar H10 heart rate sensor (HRS). Measurements were conducted at rest: 1) in laboratory conditions, awake, at supine position (5 min, n = 39) and 2) at home, during sleep (4 h, n = 29). Pulse (PPG) or heart rate (HRS) and time domain parameter LnRMSSD were analysed from both conditions. Reliability of nocturnal pulse and pulse rate variability were evaluated in two different training periods: 1) low intensity training (LIT, n = 40) and 2) high intensity training (HIIT, n = 37). Reliability was assessed between two nights preceded by identical LIT- or HIIT-training sessions. There were no differences between PPG- and HRS-derived pulse and heart rate in laboratory recordings, but PPG slightly underestimated pulse in nocturnal recordings (bias -0,7 ± 0,6; p < 0,001). Additionally, PPG overestimated LnRMSSD in 5 min (bias 0,19 ± 0,21; p < 0,001) and in 4 h recordings (bias 0,17 ± 0,20; p < 0,001). However, high agreement between PPG and HRS was observed with acceptable mean absolute percentage error (MAPE < 6 %) and nearly perfect correlation (r > 0,9; p < 0,001) during all recordings. Nocturnal pulse and pulse rate variability measurements demonstrated high reliability during both training periods, according to small coefficient of variation (CV < 8 %) and very high intraclass correlation of coefficient (ICC > 0,8). Results indicated that PPG based Polar Vantage V2 can be used to measure pulse and pulse rate variability with acceptable accuracy at rest. Validity of PPG has been studied particularly in laboratory conditions. However, in this thesis, validity was also examined in free-living conditions, which aligns with the intended use of commercial PPG-base devices. Moreover, the results indicated that nocturnal pulse and pulse rate variability measurements can be considered reliable when preceding training sessions are executed with similar intensity and volume. Therefore, nocturnal pulse rate measurements can be suitable method for monitoring autonomic nervous system activity in sports, although further research is needed regarding reliability.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kyr\u00f6l\u00e4inen, Heikki", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Nuuttila, Olli-Pekka", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Korhonen, Elisa", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-12-07T06:28:33Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-12-07T06:28:33Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/92207", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Leposykkeen ja -sykev\u00e4livaihtelun mittauksia hy\u00f6dynnet\u00e4\u00e4n urheilussa harjoitusvalmiuden ja palautumisen seurantaan. Fotopletysmografiamenetelm\u00e4\u00e4n (PPG) perustuvilla puettavilla laitteilla syd\u00e4men ly\u00f6ntitaajuutta voidaan mitata helposti p\u00e4ivitt\u00e4in. PPG-menetelm\u00e4 mittaa veren tilavuuden muutoksia, eli pulssiaaltoja, perifeerisiss\u00e4 verisuonissa, joista voidaan m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4\u00e4 pulssi ja pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelu. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tarkastella PPG-menetelm\u00e4\u00e4n perustuvalla Polar Vantage V2 -rannelaitteella mitatun pulssin ja pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelun validiteettia levossa. Lis\u00e4ksi tarkoituksena oli tutkia pulssin ja pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelun toistettavuutta kahden y\u00f6n v\u00e4lill\u00e4, joita oli edelt\u00e4nyt identtinen kest\u00e4vyysharjoitus. Tutkimukseen osallistui yhteens\u00e4 40 kokenutta harrastetason kest\u00e4vyysjuoksijaa (naiset n = 20, miehet n = 20). Polar Vantage V2 -rannelaitteen (PPG) validiteettia tarkasteltiin suhteessa Polar H10 -sykesensoriin (HRS). Mittaukset suoritettiin levossa: 1) laboratorio-olosuhteissa, hereill\u00e4, makuuasennossa (5 min, n = 39) sek\u00e4 2) kotioloissa, y\u00f6n aikana nukkuessa (4 h, n = 29). Mittauksista analysoitiin pulssi (PPG) tai syke (HRS) sek\u00e4 pulssi-/sykev\u00e4livaihtelun aikakentt\u00e4muuttuja LnRMSSD. Y\u00f6n aikaisen pulssin ja pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelun toistettavuutta tutkittiin erikseen kahden eri harjoitusjakson aikana: 1) matalaintensiteettisen (LIT, n = 40) ja 2) korkeaintensiteettisen kest\u00e4vyysharjoitusjakson (HIIT, n = 37) aikana. Toistettavuutta tutkittiin kahden y\u00f6n v\u00e4lill\u00e4, joita edelsi identtinen LIT- tai HIIT-kest\u00e4vyysharjoitus. Laboratoriotallennuksissa PPG- ja HRS-menetelmill\u00e4 mitatun pulssin ja sykkeen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei havaittu eroja, mutta y\u00f6n aikaisissa tallennuksissa PPG aliarvioi syd\u00e4men ly\u00f6ntitaajuutta hieman (bias -0,7 \u00b1 0,6; p < 0,001). PPG-menetelm\u00e4n havaittiin my\u00f6s yliarvioivan LnRMSSD-arvoa sek\u00e4 5 min tallennuksissa (bias 0,19 \u00b1 0,21; p < 0,001) ett\u00e4 4 h tallennuksissa (bias 0,17 \u00b1 0,20; p < 0,001). PPG- ja HRS-menetelmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 havaittiin kuitenkin korkea yhdenmukaisuus absoluuttisen prosentuaalisen keskivirheen ollessa hyv\u00e4ksytt\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 tasolla (MAPE < 6 %) ja korrelaation ollessa l\u00e4hes t\u00e4ydellinen (r > 0,9; p < 0,001) kaikkien tallennusten osalta. Y\u00f6n aikaisten pulssi- ja pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelumittausten havaittiin my\u00f6s olevan eritt\u00e4in toistettavia molempien harjoitusjaksojen aikana variaatiokertoimen ollessa pieni (CV < 8 %) ja sis\u00e4korrelaation ollessa korkea (ICC > 0,8). Tulosten perusteella PPG-menetelm\u00e4\u00e4n perustuvalla Polar Vantage V2 -rannelaitteella voidaan mitata pulssia ja pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelua riitt\u00e4v\u00e4n tarkasti levossa. PPG-menetelm\u00e4n validiteettia on tutkittu erityisesti laboratorio-olosuhteissa, mutta t\u00e4ss\u00e4 opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6ss\u00e4 validiteettia tarkasteltiin my\u00f6s luonnollisessa elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4, johon kaupallisten PPG-menetelm\u00e4\u00e4n perustuvien laitteiden k\u00e4ytt\u00f6tarkoitukset kohdistuvat. Lis\u00e4ksi t\u00e4m\u00e4n opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6n tulosten perusteella y\u00f6n aikaisia pulssi- ja pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelumittauksia voidaan pit\u00e4\u00e4 toistettavina silloin, kun \u00f6it\u00e4 edelt\u00e4v\u00e4t harjoitukset on suoritettu samalla intensiteetill\u00e4 ja volyymill\u00e4. Y\u00f6n aikaisten pulssimittausten voidaan siis ajatella olevan sopiva menetelm\u00e4 autonomisen hermoston aktiivisuuden seurantaan urheilussa, mutta toistettavuuden osalta lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta kuitenkin tarvitaan.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Resting state measurements of heart rate and heart rate variability are used to monitor training status and recovery in sports. Pulse rate can be easily measured with photoplethysmography (PPG) based wearable devices on daily basis. PPG measures blood volume changes, in other words pulse waves, in peripheral microvasculature, from which pulse and pulse rate variability can be determined. The purpose of this thesis was to validate PPG based wrist-worn Polar Vantage V2 to measure pulse and pulse rate variability at rest. In addition, the aim was to investigate reliability of nocturnal pulse and pulse rate variability measurements between two nights preceded by identical endurance training sessions. Total of 40 recreational endurance runners participated in this study (women n = 20, men n = 20). Validity of Polar Vantage V2 (PPG) was evaluated in relation to Polar H10 heart rate sensor (HRS). Measurements were conducted at rest: 1) in laboratory conditions, awake, at supine position (5 min, n = 39) and 2) at home, during sleep (4 h, n = 29). Pulse (PPG) or heart rate (HRS) and time domain parameter LnRMSSD were analysed from both conditions. Reliability of nocturnal pulse and pulse rate variability were evaluated in two different training periods: 1) low intensity training (LIT, n = 40) and 2) high intensity training (HIIT, n = 37). Reliability was assessed between two nights preceded by identical LIT- or HIIT-training sessions. There were no differences between PPG- and HRS-derived pulse and heart rate in laboratory recordings, but PPG slightly underestimated pulse in nocturnal recordings (bias -0,7 \u00b1 0,6; p < 0,001). Additionally, PPG overestimated LnRMSSD in 5 min (bias 0,19 \u00b1 0,21; p < 0,001) and in 4 h recordings (bias 0,17 \u00b1 0,20; p < 0,001). However, high agreement between PPG and HRS was observed with acceptable mean absolute percentage error (MAPE < 6 %) and nearly perfect correlation (r > 0,9; p < 0,001) during all recordings. Nocturnal pulse and pulse rate variability measurements demonstrated high reliability during both training periods, according to small coefficient of variation (CV < 8 %) and very high intraclass correlation of coefficient (ICC > 0,8). Results indicated that PPG based Polar Vantage V2 can be used to measure pulse and pulse rate variability with acceptable accuracy at rest. Validity of PPG has been studied particularly in laboratory conditions. However, in this thesis, validity was also examined in free-living conditions, which aligns with the intended use of commercial PPG-base devices. Moreover, the results indicated that nocturnal pulse and pulse rate variability measurements can be considered reliable when preceding training sessions are executed with similar intensity and volume. Therefore, nocturnal pulse rate measurements can be suitable method for monitoring autonomic nervous system activity in sports, although further research is needed regarding reliability.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-12-07T06:28:33Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-12-07T06:28:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "57", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "fotopletysmografia", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "pulssi", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Polar Vantage V2 -rannelaitteella mitatun pulssin ja pulssiv\u00e4livaihtelun validiteetti levossa sek\u00e4 y\u00f6n aikaisten pulssimittausten toistettavuus kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelussa", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202312078205", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Liikuntafysiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Exercise Physiology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "validiteetti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "toistettavuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sykemittarit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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