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Alaselkäkipu on yksi toiminta- ja työkykyä maailmanlaajuisesti eniten rajoittava terveystekijä, johon voi liittyä pitkittynyt kipukokemus. Pitkittyneen kipukokemuksen on havaittu olevan yhteydessä autonomisen hermoston toiminnan muutoksiin, jotka voidaan havaita esimerkiksi sydämen sykkeen muutoksina. Sydämen sykkeen mittaaminen on mahdollista myös kotiolosuhteissa, mikä tukee tuki- ja liikuntaelinkuntoutuksen vaikuttavuuden arviointia kipukokemuksen muutoksessa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää alaselkäkipuisen henkilön kipukokemuksen voimakkuuden yhteyttä sydämen sykkeeseen. Lisäksi tarkasteltiin, miten sukupuoli, ikä, painoindeksi, kipukokemuksen kesto, tupakointi, liikunta-aktiivisuuden frekvenssi, arjen kuormittavuus, todetut hengitys-, sydän- ja verisuonisairaudet sekä työtilanne ovat yhteydessä sydämen sykkeeseen kotimittauksissa.
Tutkimusaineisto oli osa PASE-hanketta (Pain Fingerprinting using Multimodal Sensing), johon osallistuvien (n = 59) tiedot kerättiin Tampereen ja Oulun yliopistollisten sairaaloiden alaselkäkipupotilaista. Tutkittavat toteuttivat sykkeen mittaukset (istuen, seisten ja eteentaivutuksissa) itsenäisesti kotiympäristössä kerran viikossa kahdesti samana päivänä neljän viikon ajan. Kipukysely (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS) täytettiin jokaisen mittauskerran alussa ja lopussa. Tutkimuksen alussa täytettiin hyvinvointikysely, jossa kartoitettiin tutkittavien taustatiedot. Vastauksia analysoitiin Khiin neliötestillä ja itsenäisten otoksien t-testillä, jolla myös analysoitiin sykekeskiarvoja. Lisäksi hyödynnettiin Pearsonin ja Spearmanin korrelaatioita taustamuuttujien yhteyttä sykkeeseen analysointiin.
Tutkimushenkilöt jaettiin analyysejä varten korkeamman (NRS ≥ 4) ja matalamman (NRS < 4) kipukokemuksen alaryhmiin. Eteentaivutuksien aikana mitatusta sykekeskiarvoista havaittiin tilastollisesti merkitsevä ero näiden ryhmien välillä (syke(NRS<4)=77,49; syke(NRS≥4)=82,30, p = 0,030). Lisäksi liikunta-aktiivisuuden frekvenssi korreloi tilastollisesti merkitsevästi sydämen keskisykkeisiin koko mittauksen (ρ = -0,466, p = 0,008, R2 = 21,7 %), istuen (ρ = -0,453, p = 0,011, R2 = 20,5 %), seisten (ρ = -0,437, p = 0,014, R2 = 19,1 %) ja eteentaivutuksien (ρ = -0,536, p = 0,002, R2 = 28,7 %) osalta korkeamman kipukokemuksen ryhmässä. Kivun voimakkuuden havaittiin myös korreloivan istuen mitattuun keskisykkeeseen korkeamman kipukokemuksen ryhmässä (r = -0,392, p = 0,029, R2 = 15,4 %).
Tutkimuksen tulokset antavat viitteitä kipukokemuksen voimakkuuden ja sen moniulotteisuuden vaikutuksista keskisykkeeseen. Tulevaisuudessa objektiivisen kivun arvioinnin mahdollistaminen kotiympäristössä voisi tuoda käyttöön objektiivisen elimistön kuormitusta kuvaavan mittausmenetelmän, joka osaltaan täydentäisi subjektiivista kipukokemuksen arviointia sekä auttaisi ymmärtämään kivun fysiologiaa sekä tehostamaan kivun hoitoa.
Low back pain is globally one of the most limiting health factors that affects a person's ability to function and work, and that can be associated with a prolonged experience of pain. Prolonged experience of pain has been found to be related to changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system, which can be detected, for example, as changes in heart rate. Measuring heart rate is also possible at home, which supports the monitoring of rehabilitation impact regarding the change in the experience of pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intensity of the pain experience in individuals with low back pain and its association with heart rate. In addition, the study examined how gender, age, body mass index, duration of the pain experience, smoking, physical activity frequency, daily physical load, diagnosed respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and work situation are related to heart rate in home-based measurements.
The research data was part of the PASE project (Pain Fingerprinting using Multimodal Sensing), which collected information from low back pain patients (n=59) at the university hospitals of Tampere and Oulu. The participants executed heart rate measurements (sitting, standing, and bending forward) independently in their home environment once a week and twice on the same day for period of four weeks. Evaluation of the pain intensity with NRS (numerical rating scale) was asked before and right after heart rate measurements. They also completed a well-being survey that gathered background information about the participants. Analysis of data was conducted by Chi-squared test and independent sample t-test, latter was also used to analyze heart rate. However, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze background information association to heart rate.
For analysis the research subjects were divided into higher (NRS ≥ 4) and lower (NRS < 4) pain experience subgroups. The heart rate of forward bending was statistically significant in between pain subgroups (heart rate (NRS<4) = 77,49; heart rate (NRS≥4) = 82,30, p = 0,030). Furthermore, frequency of physical activity correlation was statistically significant to average heart rates during whole measurement (ρ = -0,466, p = 0,008, R2 = 21,7 %), sitting (ρ = -0,453, p = 0,011, R2 = 20,5 %), standing (ρ = -0,437, p = 0,014, R2 = 19,1 %) and forward bending (ρ = -0,536, p = 0,002, R2 = 28,7 %) in higher pain experience subgroup. The magnitude of pain experience correlation was statistically significan to the heart rate of sitting position in high pain subgroup (r = -0,392, p = 0,029, R2 = 15,4 %).
The results of the study provide indications of the effects of the intensity and multidimensional nature of the pain experience on the average heart rate. In the future, enabling objective pain assessment in a home environment could provide objective method to evaluate stress factors of the body and a broader understanding of physiology of pain. This could complete evaluation of the subjective pain experience and the effectiveness of pain management and the impact of rehabilitation measures.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Hautala, Arto", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Aalto, Jenna", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-11-28T07:36:42Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-11-28T07:36:42Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/92108", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Alaselk\u00e4kipu on yksi toiminta- ja ty\u00f6kyky\u00e4 maailmanlaajuisesti eniten rajoittava terveystekij\u00e4, johon voi liitty\u00e4 pitkittynyt kipukokemus. Pitkittyneen kipukokemuksen on havaittu olevan yhteydess\u00e4 autonomisen hermoston toiminnan muutoksiin, jotka voidaan havaita esimerkiksi syd\u00e4men sykkeen muutoksina. Syd\u00e4men sykkeen mittaaminen on mahdollista my\u00f6s kotiolosuhteissa, mik\u00e4 tukee tuki- ja liikuntaelinkuntoutuksen vaikuttavuuden arviointia kipukokemuksen muutoksessa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 alaselk\u00e4kipuisen henkil\u00f6n kipukokemuksen voimakkuuden yhteytt\u00e4 syd\u00e4men sykkeeseen. Lis\u00e4ksi tarkasteltiin, miten sukupuoli, ik\u00e4, painoindeksi, kipukokemuksen kesto, tupakointi, liikunta-aktiivisuuden frekvenssi, arjen kuormittavuus, todetut hengitys-, syd\u00e4n- ja verisuonisairaudet sek\u00e4 ty\u00f6tilanne ovat yhteydess\u00e4 syd\u00e4men sykkeeseen kotimittauksissa. \n\nTutkimusaineisto oli osa PASE-hanketta (Pain Fingerprinting using Multimodal Sensing), johon osallistuvien (n = 59) tiedot ker\u00e4ttiin Tampereen ja Oulun yliopistollisten sairaaloiden alaselk\u00e4kipupotilaista. Tutkittavat toteuttivat sykkeen mittaukset (istuen, seisten ja eteentaivutuksissa) itsen\u00e4isesti kotiymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 kerran viikossa kahdesti samana p\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4 nelj\u00e4n viikon ajan. Kipukysely (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS) t\u00e4ytettiin jokaisen mittauskerran alussa ja lopussa. Tutkimuksen alussa t\u00e4ytettiin hyvinvointikysely, jossa kartoitettiin tutkittavien taustatiedot. Vastauksia analysoitiin Khiin neli\u00f6testill\u00e4 ja itsen\u00e4isten otoksien t-testill\u00e4, jolla my\u00f6s analysoitiin sykekeskiarvoja. Lis\u00e4ksi hy\u00f6dynnettiin Pearsonin ja Spearmanin korrelaatioita taustamuuttujien yhteytt\u00e4 sykkeeseen analysointiin. \n\nTutkimushenkil\u00f6t jaettiin analyysej\u00e4 varten korkeamman (NRS \u2265 4) ja matalamman (NRS < 4) kipukokemuksen alaryhmiin. Eteentaivutuksien aikana mitatusta sykekeskiarvoista havaittiin tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4 ero n\u00e4iden ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (syke(NRS<4)=77,49; syke(NRS\u22654)=82,30, p = 0,030). Lis\u00e4ksi liikunta-aktiivisuuden frekvenssi korreloi tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti syd\u00e4men keskisykkeisiin koko mittauksen (\u03c1 = -0,466, p = 0,008, R2 = 21,7 %), istuen (\u03c1 = -0,453, p = 0,011, R2 = 20,5 %), seisten (\u03c1 = -0,437, p = 0,014, R2 = 19,1 %) ja eteentaivutuksien (\u03c1 = -0,536, p = 0,002, R2 = 28,7 %) osalta korkeamman kipukokemuksen ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4. Kivun voimakkuuden havaittiin my\u00f6s korreloivan istuen mitattuun keskisykkeeseen korkeamman kipukokemuksen ryhm\u00e4ss\u00e4 (r = -0,392, p = 0,029, R2 = 15,4 %). \n\nTutkimuksen tulokset antavat viitteit\u00e4 kipukokemuksen voimakkuuden ja sen moniulotteisuuden vaikutuksista keskisykkeeseen. Tulevaisuudessa objektiivisen kivun arvioinnin mahdollistaminen kotiymp\u00e4rist\u00f6ss\u00e4 voisi tuoda k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6n objektiivisen elimist\u00f6n kuormitusta kuvaavan mittausmenetelm\u00e4n, joka osaltaan t\u00e4ydent\u00e4isi subjektiivista kipukokemuksen arviointia sek\u00e4 auttaisi ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n kivun fysiologiaa sek\u00e4 tehostamaan kivun hoitoa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Low back pain is globally one of the most limiting health factors that affects a person's ability to function and work, and that can be associated with a prolonged experience of pain. Prolonged experience of pain has been found to be related to changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system, which can be detected, for example, as changes in heart rate. Measuring heart rate is also possible at home, which supports the monitoring of rehabilitation impact regarding the change in the experience of pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intensity of the pain experience in individuals with low back pain and its association with heart rate. In addition, the study examined how gender, age, body mass index, duration of the pain experience, smoking, physical activity frequency, daily physical load, diagnosed respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and work situation are related to heart rate in home-based measurements. \n\nThe research data was part of the PASE project (Pain Fingerprinting using Multimodal Sensing), which collected information from low back pain patients (n=59) at the university hospitals of Tampere and Oulu. The participants executed heart rate measurements (sitting, standing, and bending forward) independently in their home environment once a week and twice on the same day for period of four weeks. Evaluation of the pain intensity with NRS (numerical rating scale) was asked before and right after heart rate measurements. They also completed a well-being survey that gathered background information about the participants. Analysis of data was conducted by Chi-squared test and independent sample t-test, latter was also used to analyze heart rate. However, Pearson\u2019s and Spearman\u2019s correlation was used to analyze background information association to heart rate. \n\nFor analysis the research subjects were divided into higher (NRS \u2265 4) and lower (NRS < 4) pain experience subgroups. The heart rate of forward bending was statistically significant in between pain subgroups (heart rate (NRS<4) = 77,49; heart rate (NRS\u22654) = 82,30, p = 0,030). Furthermore, frequency of physical activity correlation was statistically significant to average heart rates during whole measurement (\u03c1 = -0,466, p = 0,008, R2 = 21,7 %), sitting (\u03c1 = -0,453, p = 0,011, R2 = 20,5 %), standing (\u03c1 = -0,437, p = 0,014, R2 = 19,1 %) and forward bending (\u03c1 = -0,536, p = 0,002, R2 = 28,7 %) in higher pain experience subgroup. The magnitude of pain experience correlation was statistically significan to the heart rate of sitting position in high pain subgroup (r = -0,392, p = 0,029, R2 = 15,4 %). \n\nThe results of the study provide indications of the effects of the intensity and multidimensional nature of the pain experience on the average heart rate. In the future, enabling objective pain assessment in a home environment could provide objective method to evaluate stress factors of the body and a broader understanding of physiology of pain. This could complete evaluation of the subjective pain experience and the effectiveness of pain management and the impact of rehabilitation measures.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-11-28T07:36:42Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-11-28T07:36:42Z (GMT). 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