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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Ahtiainen, Juha", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Haapasalo, Leo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-10-30T07:04:24Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-10-30T07:04:24Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/91018", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Yl\u00e4- ja alavartalon lihashypertrofiaa vertaileva tutkimusn\u00e4ytt\u00f6 on ristiriitaista. Tutkijoilla ei ole konsensusta siit\u00e4, kasvaako yl\u00e4- ja alavartalon lihashypertrofia samaa vauhtia. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuskent\u00e4ll\u00e4 vallitsevan ristiriidan vuoksi t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa pyrittiin selvitt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n ovatko hypertrofiset vasteet yht\u00e4 suuria yl\u00e4- ja alavartalon v\u00e4lill\u00e4 10-viikkoisen hypertrofisen maksimivoimaharjoittelun j\u00e4lkeen. Samalla tutkittiin, onko maksimi- tai kestovoiman prosentuaalisessa kehittymisess\u00e4 eroa yl\u00e4- ja alavartalon v\u00e4lill\u00e4. \n\nTutkimus toteutettiin osana Eeli Halosen ja Aapo R\u00e4ntil\u00e4n v\u00e4it\u00f6skirjatutkimusta. Tutkimukseen rekrytoitiin voimaharjoittelutaustattomia 18\u201340-vuotiaita perusterveit\u00e4 miehi\u00e4 ja naisia Keski-Suomen alueelta. Lopullinen aineisto sis\u00e4lsi 44 (32,07 \u00b1 4,79 vuotta) tutkittavaa. Tutkittavat harjoittelivat valvotuissa olosuhteissa kahtena p\u00e4iv\u00e4n\u00e4 viikossa kymmenen viikon ajan. Harjoitettavat liikkeet olivat j\u00e4rjestyksess\u00e4\u00e4n horisontaalinen jalkapr\u00e4ssi, polvien ojennus laitteessa, penkkipunnerrus, hauisk\u00e4\u00e4nt\u00f6 sek\u00e4 tuettu kulmasoutu laitteessa. Kaikki liikkeet suoritettiin bilateraalisesti. Harjoitukset suunniteltiin siten, ett\u00e4 ulompaan reisilihakseen sek\u00e4 kaksip\u00e4iseen olkalihakseen kohdistui viikossa yht\u00e4 monta (16) ty\u00f6sarjaa. Kaksip\u00e4isen olkalihaksen ja ulomman reisilihaksen poikkipinta-alat mitattiin ultra\u00e4\u00e4nikuvantamisen avulla ennen voimaharjoittelun aloittamista sek\u00e4 5. ja 10. harjoitusviikoilla. Maksimi- ja kestovoimatestit ajoitettiin aina lihasten poikkipinta-ala mittausten kanssa samalle p\u00e4iv\u00e4lle.\n\nKymmenviikkoisen harjoitusjakson j\u00e4lkeen kaksip\u00e4isen olkalihaksen (17,24 \u00b1 6,11 %) sek\u00e4 ulomman reisilihaksen (18,45 \u00b1 8,53 %) lihasmassa oli kasvanut l\u00e4ht\u00f6tasosta tilastollisesti eritt\u00e4in merkitsev\u00e4sti, mutta lihasten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 eroa hypertrofiassa (p = .414). My\u00f6s maksimivoima kehittyi samassa ajassa yl\u00e4- (20,38 \u00b1 12,23 %) ja alavartalon (19,61 \u00b1 10,39 %) osalta tilastollisesti eritt\u00e4in merkitsev\u00e4sti, mutta yl\u00e4- ja alavartalon kehityst\u00e4 vertaillessa ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 eroa (p = .440). Sek\u00e4 yl\u00e4- (143,80 \u00b1 82,25 %) ett\u00e4 alavartalon (227,64 \u00b1 235,16 %) kestovoiman kehitys 10 viikossa oli tilastollisesti eritt\u00e4in merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4. Alavartalon kestovoima kehittyi yl\u00e4vartaloon n\u00e4hden tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti enemm\u00e4n (p = .032).\n\nTutkimuksen keskeisin l\u00f6yd\u00f6s oli, ettei yl\u00e4- ja alavartalon hypertrofisissa vasteissa havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 eroa. L\u00f6yd\u00f6s saattaa selitty\u00e4 ainakin osittain sill\u00e4, ett\u00e4 harjoitusvolyymia tarkemmin tarkastellessa havaittiin, ett\u00e4 polven ojennusta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4vi\u00e4 toistoja tehtiin tutkimuksessa tilastollisesti eritt\u00e4in merkitsev\u00e4sti enemm\u00e4n kyyn\u00e4rvarren koukistusta sis\u00e4lt\u00e4neisiin toistoihin n\u00e4hden. Tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 aiemmin voimaharjoittelemattomilla henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4 on mahdollista saavuttaa 10-viikkoisella hypertrofisella maksimivoimaharjoittelulla tilastollisesti eritt\u00e4in merkitsevi\u00e4 vasteita niin hypertrofian kuin maksimi- ja kestovoimankin osalta.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "The research evidence comparing hypertrophy in the upper and lower body is conflicting. There is no consensus among researchers regarding whether upper and lower body hypertrophy occur at the same rate. Due to this existing discrepancy in the research field, this study aimed to investigate whether hypertrophic responses are equally significant in the upper and lower body following a 10-week period of hypertrophic maximum strength training. Additionally, the study examined whether there were differences in the percentage development of maximum strength or strength endurance between the upper and lower body.\n\nThe study was conducted as a part of Eeli Halonen\u2019s and Aapo R\u00e4ntil\u00e4\u2019s doctoral research in the Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences at the University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. Untrained, healthy men and women aged 18-40 years from the Central Finland region were recruited for the study. The final sample consisted of 44 participants (32,07 \u00b1 4,79 years) who trained under supervised conditions for two days per week over a ten-week period. The prescribed exercises included horizontal leg press, knee extension machine, bench press, bicep curl, and supported seated row. All movements were performed bilaterally. The training program was designed so that the quadriceps and biceps brachii received an equal number of working sets per week (16 sets). Cross-sectional areas of the biceps brachii and quadriceps femoris were measured using ultrasound imaging before the initiation of resistance training, as well as at the 5th and 10th weeks. Maximal and strength endurance tests were conducted on the same day as the cross-sectional measurements.\n\nAfter a 10-week training period, the muscle mass of the biceps brachii (17.24 \u00b1 6.11 %) and vastus lateralis (18.45 \u00b1 8.53 %) had significantly increased from baseline levels, but there was no statistically significant difference in hypertrophy between these muscles (p = .414). Maximum strength also improved significantly during the same period for both upper (20.38 \u00b1 12.23 %) and lower body (19.61 \u00b1 10.39 %), but when comparing the development of upper and lower body maximum strength, no statistically significant difference was observed (p = .440). The development of both upper (143.80 \u00b1 82.25 %) and lower body (227.64 \u00b1 235.16 %) strength endurance over 10 weeks was statistically significant. Lower body strength endurance improved significantly more compared to the upper body (p = .032).\n\nThe key finding of this study was that there was no statistically significant difference in hypertrophic responses between the upper and lower body. This finding may be partially explained by the observation that the number of performed knee extension repetitions were statistically significantly higher in number than those involving elbow flexion in the study. The results indicate that previously untrained individuals can achieve statistically significant responses in hypertrophy, maximum strength, and endurance in both the upper and lower body with a 10-week hypertrophic maximal strength training program.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-10-30T07:04:24Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-10-30T07:04:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "85", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "lihaskasvu", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "ulompi reisilihas", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "kaksip\u00e4inen olkalihas", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Yl\u00e4- ja alavartalon harjoitusvasteiden erot hypertrofiassa sek\u00e4 maksimi- ja kestovoimassa voimaharjoittelemattomilla aikuisilla", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202310307045", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lihasmassa", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "voimaharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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