| fullrecord |
[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Louhelainen, Jarmo", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lehto, Joni", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "M\u00e4lki\u00e4, Kia", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-10-03T06:08:32Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-10-03T06:08:32Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/89357", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Nykytutkimuksen valossa ligniinin oletetaan olevan sitoutunut kovalenttisesti hiilihydraatteihin lignoselluloosapitoisessa biomassassa. N\u00e4it\u00e4 rakenteita kutsutaan ligniini-hiilihydraatti komplekseiksi. T\u00e4m\u00e4n pro gradu- tutkielman kirjallisuuskatsaus k\u00e4sittelee ligniini-hiilihydraatti kompleksien rakenteita, fraktiointia sek\u00e4 analysointia. T\u00e4m\u00e4nhetkisen ymm\u00e4rryksen mukaan ligniini on sitoutunut hiilihydraatteihin p\u00e4\u00e4asiassa kolmentyyppisill\u00e4 sidoksilla, jotka ovat fenyyliglykosidi-, bentsyylieetteri- ja esterisidoksia. Ensimm\u00e4isen kunnollisen menetelm\u00e4n ligniini-hiilihydraatti kompleksien fraktioimiseksi esitteli Bj\u00f6rkman, jonka j\u00e4lkeen monia erilaisia menetelmi\u00e4 on julkaistu. K\u00e4ytetyll\u00e4 fraktiointimenetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4 on vaikutusta ligniini-hiilihydraatti kompleksien rakenteisiin. Moderni 2D NMR spektroskopia on tehokkain menetelm\u00e4 ligniini-hiilihydraatti kompleksien analysoitiin yhdess\u00e4 perinteisten pilkkomistekniikoiden kanssa. \n\nKokeellisessa osassa kuusen, koivun ja vehn\u00e4noljen kuumavesiuutteita fraktioitiin kahteen ligniini-hiilihydraatti komplekseja sis\u00e4lt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n jakeeseen, jotka olivat etanoliin saostuva ja etanoliin liukeneva jae. Jakeista m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin sek\u00e4 ligniini ett\u00e4 hiilihydraattipitoisuudet hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4en happohydrolyysi\u00e4, UV/Vis spektroskopiaa sek\u00e4 kaasukromatografiaa. Lis\u00e4ksi FT IR spektri mitattiin jokaisesta jakeesta. My\u00f6s sulamispisteet sek\u00e4 uuteaineiden m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin. Etanoliin saostuvat jakeet sis\u00e4lsiv\u00e4t v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n ligniini\u00e4 kuin etanoliin liukoiset jakeet ja etanoliin liukoisilla jakeilla huomattiin olevan matala sulamispiste riippumatta k\u00e4ytetyst\u00e4 biomassasta. Koivun raakahemi sis\u00e4lsi huomattavasti enemm\u00e4n uuteaineita kuin kuusen tai vehn\u00e4noljen raakahemit. Vehn\u00e4nolkin\u00e4ytteet erosivat hieman puun\u00e4ytteist\u00e4, jotka olivat kesken\u00e4\u00e4n hyvin samankaltaisia.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "In lignocelluloses, lignin is currently assumed to be covalently bonded to carbohydrates and these structures are called lignin-carbohydrate complexes. The literature review of this master\u2019s thesis handles the structure, fractionation, and analysis of lignin-carbohydrate complexes. Based on current understanding, there are three main lignin-carbohydrate bonds, which are called phenyl glycoside, benzyl ether, and ester bonds. First proper fractionating method for lignin carbohydrate complexes was established by Bj\u00f6rkman and after that many different methods have been presented. The used fractionation method has an impact on the structure of lignin-carbohydrate complexes and modern 2D NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques to analyse structures of lignin carbohydrate complexes together with traditional degradation techniques.\n\nIn the experimental part, hot water hydrolysates of spruce, birch and wheat straw were fractionated into two fractions containing lignin-carbohydrate complexes, which were ethanol precipitate and ethanol soluble fraction. Lignin and carbohydrates were analysed from fractions using acid hydrolysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy and gas chromatography. In addition, FT-IR spectra of each fraction was measured. Melting points and the amount of extractives were also determined. Ethanol precipitates had less lignin than ethanol soluble fractions and unexpected low melting points of ethanol soluble fractions were observed without depending on used biomass. Birch raw hemi contained significantly more extractives than spruce or wheat straw raw hemi. Wheat straw samples differed slightly from tree samples which were much alike.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-10-03T06:08:32Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-10-03T06:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "93", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "LCC", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "wheat straw", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Lignin-carbohydrate complexes of wood and non-wood materials : fractionation and characterisation", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202310035378", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Kemian laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Kemia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Chemistry", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "14500", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.initiative", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "initiative", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4038", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kuuset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "koivut", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ligniini", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hiilihydraatit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "puukemia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biomassa (teollisuus)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "spruce", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "birches", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lignin", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "carbohydrates", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "wood chemistry", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biomass (industry)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
|