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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Miettinen, Arttu", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Laamanen, Taneli", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Syrj\u00e4nen, Lenni", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-08-10T05:44:39Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-08-10T05:44:39Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/88511", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Ruuti on muinainen monik\u00e4ytt\u00f6inen keksint\u00f6 jo yhdeks\u00e4nnelt\u00e4 vuosisadalta Kiinasta. Sit\u00e4 on historian aikana k\u00e4ytetty ja muokattu moneen tarkoitukseen, niin kemiallisesti kuin fysikaalisesti ruutijyv\u00e4n geometriaa muuttamalla. Ruudin kemiallinen rakenne on tarkasti tiedossa ja sen kemiallisia ominaisuuksia on tutkittu laajasti, mutta sis\u00e4ist\u00e4 rakennetta ei ole tutkittu tarkasti, ainakaan julkisesti. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 olen kuvantanut yksitt\u00e4isten ruutijyvien sis\u00e4ist\u00e4 rakennetta 18 eri ruutier\u00e4st\u00e4 r\u00f6ntgenmikrotomografiaa hyv\u00e4ksi k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en ja arvioinut, kuinka hyvin menetelm\u00e4 sopii ruudin analysointiin. Keskityin erityisesti ruudin sis\u00e4lt\u00e4 l\u00f6ytyneiden partikkelien tunnistamiseen, ruutijyvien huokoisuuteen ja huokosten kokoon, sek\u00e4 siihen kuinka ruudin valmistuksessa k\u00e4ytetyt komponentit ovat vaikuttaneet sis\u00e4iseen rakenteeseen. K\u00e4ytin analyysin apuna ohjaajani A. Miettinen pohjustamaa Python ohjelmaa, sek\u00e4 ruutien ainesosataulukkoja Nammo Vihatavuori Oy:lt\u00e4 (taulukkoja ei ole esitelty ty\u00f6ss\u00e4). Kuvista pystyin tunnistamaan selke\u00e4sti eri tiheisi\u00e4 materiaaleja, kuten nitroselluloosaa, viinikive\u00e4, kaliumsulfaattia, pintak\u00e4sittelyaineitta ja kahta metallia: tinaa ja vismuttia. Havaitsin my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 tunnistetut komponentit eiv\u00e4t muuta muotoan valmistuksen aikana, vaan pit\u00e4v\u00e4t alkuper\u00e4isen raemaisen muotonsa ja kokonsa lopullisessa ruudissa. Komponenttien koko ja sijainti vaihtelivat ruutijyviss\u00e4 suuresti ruutierien sis\u00e4ll\u00e4, tein saman huomion my\u00f6s ruudin sis\u00e4isille huokosille. Kaliumnitraatti-suola oli ainut ruudin komponenteista, jolla oli selke\u00e4\u00e4 vaikutusta sis\u00e4iseen rakenteeseen: Suolan m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4n lis\u00e4\u00e4ntyess\u00e4 ruutijyv\u00e4n huokoisuus kasvaa ja sein\u00e4mien paksuus huokosten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 kapenee. Kuvissa on kuitenkin paljon artefakteja ja ruutijyvien keskin\u00e4isen rakennevaihtelun takia tilastollisesti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 dataa ei voitu ker\u00e4t\u00e4. Siit\u00e4 huolimatta ruutijyvien kuvantaminen on osoittautunut hy\u00f6dylliseksi, antaen paljon tietoa ruudin sis\u00e4isest\u00e4 rakenteesta, jota voidaan k\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 tulevaisuudessa uusien ruutien kehitt\u00e4miseen. Menetelm\u00e4 on ruudille uusi, joten jos esimerkiksi artefakteja voitaisiin v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 tulokset voisivat olla tarkempia ja kuvista saataisi viel\u00e4 enemm\u00e4n informaatiota ruudin sis\u00e4isest\u00e4 rakenteesta.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Gunpowder is an ancient multipurpose invention from 9$^{th}$ century in China. The chemical composition and physical structure of gunpowder have been developed for centuries to fulfill many purposes which lead into the development of smokeless powder or propellants. Knowledge about the chemistry surrounding propellant is vastly studied and known but precise study of the interior structure of individual propellant grains are lacking. This study validates X-ray microtomography as a method to analyse the inner physical structures of propellant grains from 18 different batches. I measured two grains from each batch. My focus of interest was on interior material domain identification, their sizes, porosity, pore sizes and the correlation of these with the recipe of the propellant. To aid my analysis I used a Python script and batch specific recipes for almost all of the batches provided by Nammo Vihtavuori Oy. Particles identified from the images are nitrocellulose, potassium bitartrate, potassium sulfate, surface finishing compound and two metals: tin and bismuth. Identified components do not change their original grain like shape while inside propellant and their size is also preserved. However, variations inside the batches are high, resulting in different sized particles and pores in varying locations for each grain. Potassium nitrate salt had the only notable correlation to the inner structure of propellant grains: the more there was salt the higher the porosity and thinner the walls between the pores are. Unfortunately, large variations in the atomic number of component elements introduced artifacts into the images, and high variations between grains prevented me from gathering statistically relevant data. Nevertheless, imaging of propellant with X-ray tomography (X-CT) has proven useful giving lots of previously unknown information of the physical structure of propellant grains and their composition, which can be used to develop new improvements to propellant. Method could also be improved on to gain more precise information about the propellant, for example reducing the image artifacts.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-08-10T05:44:39Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-08-10T05:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "69", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Analysis of internal structure of propellants with X-ray microtomography", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202308104625", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Fysiikan laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Physics", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Fysiikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Physics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.initiative", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "initiative", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4021", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tomografia", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "potkurit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "huokoisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ruuti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "r\u00f6ntgens\u00e4teily", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kuvantaminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "rakenne (ominaisuudet)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "tomography", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "propellers", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "porosity", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "gunpowder", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "X-ray radiation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "imaging", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "structure (properties)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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