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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Lindstedt-Kareksela, Carita", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Massen, Jorg", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Schroderus, Veera", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-07-28T05:49:06Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-07-28T05:49:06Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/88468", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Yhteisty\u00f6ll\u00e4 on t\u00e4rke\u00e4 merkitys useiden lajien, esimerkiksi k\u00e4dellisten, sosiaalisten yhteis\u00f6jen toiminnassa ja s\u00e4ilymisess\u00e4. Yhteisty\u00f6n evoluutiota on tutkittu paljon, mutta sen v\u00e4litt\u00f6m\u00e4t syyt tunnetaan yh\u00e4 huonosti. Yksi ehdotettu mekanismi k\u00e4dellisten yhteisty\u00f6n taustalla on prososiaalisuus, eli halu toimia toisia hy\u00f6dytt\u00e4v\u00e4ll\u00e4 tavalla. T\u00e4m\u00e4n hypoteesin mukaan prososiaaliset impulssit ohjaavat yksil\u00f6n aloittamaan yhteisty\u00f6n. On my\u00f6s esitetty, ett\u00e4 prososiaalisuus on kehittynyt lajeilla, joiden sosiaalinen rakenne on tasa-arvoinen. Prososiaalisuutta ei ole kuitenkaan juuri tutkittu despoottisilla lajeilla, joilla on jyrkk\u00e4 sosiaalinen hierarkia. Erityisen v\u00e4h\u00e4n on tutkittu n\u00e4iden lajien yksil\u00f6llisi\u00e4 prososiaalisia taipumuksia, vaikka se voisi tarjota hy\u00f6dyllisen n\u00e4k\u00f6kulman ominaisuuden adaptiivisuuden tutkimiseen. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa testasin kokeellisesti vankeudessa el\u00e4vien, despoottisten reesusmakakien (Macaca mulatta) prososiaalisia taipumuksia k\u00e4ytt\u00e4en asetelmaa, jossa yksil\u00f6t saivat tarjota ruokaa valitsemilleen ryhm\u00e4ns\u00e4 j\u00e4senille, mutta eiv\u00e4t itselleen (Group service paradigm). Testasin my\u00f6s apinoiden k\u00e4yt\u00f6ksen tavoitteellisuutta mittaamalla osallistumista samankaltaisiin kontrollikokeisiin, joista ensimm\u00e4isess\u00e4 estin p\u00e4\u00e4syn ruokapalkkiolle ja toisessa en k\u00e4ytt\u00e4nyt ruokapalkkiota ollenkaan. Kokeessa havaitsin tarkoituksellista ja proaktiivista prososiaalisuutta sek\u00e4 ryhm\u00e4tasolla, ett\u00e4 yksil\u00f6tasolla. Useat makakiyksil\u00f6t osallistuivat merkitsev\u00e4sti enemm\u00e4n koetilanteisiin kuin kontrolleihin, ja tarjosivat tarkoituksellisesti ruokaa lajikumppaneilleen ~38 % niist\u00e4 koetilanteista, joissa se oli mahdollista. Havaittu k\u00e4yt\u00f6s vertautuu sosiaalisesti tasa-arvoisempien lajien k\u00e4yt\u00f6kseen. Kokeessa ruokaa tarjottiin merkitsev\u00e4sti enemm\u00e4n poikasille, l\u00e4hisukulaisille ja yksil\u00f6iden v\u00e4lill\u00e4, jotka siet\u00e4v\u00e4t toisiaan paremmin (dyadic social tolerance). Hy\u00f6tyj\u00e4n i\u00e4ll\u00e4 tai sukupuolella ei ollut merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 vaikutusta. Tulokset osoittavat, ett\u00e4 despoottisilla lajeilla voi ilmet\u00e4 proaktiivista prososiaalisuutta, erityisesti sukulaisia kohtaan. T\u00e4m\u00e4 viittaa siihen, ett\u00e4 sukulaisvalinnalla ja muilla yksil\u00f6kohtaisilla riippuvuussuhteilla voi olla t\u00e4rke\u00e4 rooli prososiaalisuuden evoluutiossa k\u00e4dellisill\u00e4, joiden sosiaalinen rakenne on hierarkinen.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Cooperation among individuals is essential for maintaining group stability and structure and is necessary for the success of many social species. The evolution of cooperation has been studied extensively, yet its proximate causes remain poorly understood. Prosociality, the intention to act in a way that benefits others, is hypothesised to be an important motivator for cooperation in primates and has been suggested to emerge in species with egalitarian social structures. However, little research has focused on prosociality in despotic species with strict social hierarchies, or their prosocial preferences at the individual level, rendering conclusions about the effects of social structure on prosocial preferences premature. Here I experimentally tested individual and group-level prosocial tendencies in a group of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), a highly despotic species, using a standardised group service paradigm. In the experiment, individuals were able to provision their freely chosen group mates with food rewards. To control for food motivation and general interest in the experimental setup, I conducted two additional steps in the experiment, one with access to the rewards blocked and another without rewards. I found intentional and proactive group-level prosociality with several individuals participating significantly more in the test than in the control phases. Their provisioning rate (~38 % of trials) was comparable to the rates of more socially tolerant species. Provisions were directed significantly more to infants, individuals in the same matrilines, and individuals with shared dyadic social tolerance. The sex or age difference between a helper and receiver was not found to have a significant effect. The results show that proactive prosociality may occur in despotic species selectively, where kin members benefit each other, thus suggesting a crucial role of kin selection and potential interdependencies for the emergence of prosociality.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-07-28T05:49:06Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-07-28T05:49:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "53", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "group service", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "helping behaviour", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "non-human primates", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "partner choice", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "social tolerance", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "yhteisty\u00f6n evoluutio", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Prosocial tendencies in despotic rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202307284584", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ecology and evolutionary biology", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "4011", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "el\u00e4inten k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sosiaalinen k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "prososiaalisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "yhteisty\u00f6", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ryhm\u00e4t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "k\u00e4delliset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "makakit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "auttaminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "altruismi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "behaviour", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "animal behaviour", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "social behaviour", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "prosociality", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "cooperation (general)", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "groups", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "primates", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "macaques", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "helping", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "altruism", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/collections/archival-workstation).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/kokoelmat/arkistotyoasema..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}]
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