Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators

Tässä tutkielmassa keskitytään rajoittamattomien itseadjungoitujen operaattorien spektraaliteoriaan. Tutkielman päätulos on tällaisten operattorien spektraalilause, jonka mukaan mikä tahansa rajoittamaton itseadjungoitu operaattori voidaan kirjoittaa operaattoriarvoisena integraalina operaattorin sp...

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Main Author: Penttala, Jani
Other Authors: Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sciences, Matematiikan ja tilastotieteen laitos, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:eng
Published: 2023
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/88163
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author Penttala, Jani
author2 Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Matematiikan ja tilastotieteen laitos Department of Mathematics and Statistics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Penttala, Jani Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Matematiikan ja tilastotieteen laitos Department of Mathematics and Statistics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Penttala, Jani Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sciences Matematiikan ja tilastotieteen laitos Department of Mathematics and Statistics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Penttala, Jani
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description Tässä tutkielmassa keskitytään rajoittamattomien itseadjungoitujen operaattorien spektraaliteoriaan. Tutkielman päätulos on tällaisten operattorien spektraalilause, jonka mukaan mikä tahansa rajoittamaton itseadjungoitu operaattori voidaan kirjoittaa operaattoriarvoisena integraalina operaattorin spektrin yli. Tämä on itseadjungoitujen matriisien spektraalihajotelman yleistys. Rajoittamattomien itseadjungoitujen operaattorien spektraalilause seuraa johtamalla se ensin rajoitetuille itseadjungoiduille operaattoreille ja tämän jälkeen unitaarisille operaattoreille. Unitaaristen operaattorien spektraalilauseesta saadaan johdettua rajoittamattomien itseadjungoitujen operaattorien tapaus Cayleyn muunnoksen avulla. Lopuksi tarkastellaan joitain spektraaliteorian seurauksia. Erityisesti keskitytään sen sovelluksiin kvanttimekaniikassa, missä fysikaaliset suureet vastaavat itseadjungoituja operaattoreita. The focus of this thesis is the spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators. The main result of the thesis is the corresponding spectral theorem, which states that any unbounded self-adjoint operator can be written as an operator-valued integral over the spectrum of the operator. This is a generalization of the spectral decomposition for self-adjoint matrices. The proof of the spectral theorem for unbounded self-adjoint operators follows by proving it first for bounded self-adjoint operators and then for unitary operators. From the unitary case, the spectral theorem for unbounded self-adjoint operators is proven by using the Cayley transform. Finally, some consequences of the spectral theory are considered. Special emphasis is given to its applications to quantum mechanics where physical observables correspond to self-adjoint operators.
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Tutkielman p\u00e4\u00e4tulos on t\u00e4llaisten operattorien spektraalilause, jonka mukaan mik\u00e4 tahansa rajoittamaton itseadjungoitu operaattori voidaan kirjoittaa operaattoriarvoisena integraalina operaattorin spektrin yli. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on itseadjungoitujen matriisien spektraalihajotelman yleistys.\n\nRajoittamattomien itseadjungoitujen operaattorien spektraalilause seuraa johtamalla se ensin rajoitetuille itseadjungoiduille operaattoreille ja t\u00e4m\u00e4n j\u00e4lkeen unitaarisille operaattoreille. Unitaaristen operaattorien spektraalilauseesta saadaan johdettua rajoittamattomien itseadjungoitujen operaattorien tapaus Cayleyn muunnoksen avulla.\n\nLopuksi tarkastellaan joitain spektraaliteorian seurauksia. 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spellingShingle Penttala, Jani Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators Matematiikka Mathematics 4041 operaattorit (matematiikka) matematiikka kvanttimekaniikka Hilbertin avaruudet funktionaalianalyysi operators mathematics quantum mechanics Hilbert space functional analysis
title Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators
title_full Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators
title_fullStr Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators
title_full_unstemmed Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators
title_short Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators
title_sort spectral theory for unbounded self adjoint operators
title_txtP Spectral theory for unbounded self-adjoint operators
topic Matematiikka Mathematics 4041 operaattorit (matematiikka) matematiikka kvanttimekaniikka Hilbertin avaruudet funktionaalianalyysi operators mathematics quantum mechanics Hilbert space functional analysis
topic_facet 4041 Hilbert space Hilbertin avaruudet Matematiikka Mathematics functional analysis funktionaalianalyysi kvanttimekaniikka matematiikka mathematics operaattorit (matematiikka) operators quantum mechanics
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/88163 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202306304308
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