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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Gagnon, Sheila", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Mikkonen, Ritva", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Havukainen, Paula", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-06-26T06:33:59Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-06-26T06:33:59Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/88052", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kuukautiskierron aikaansaamien hormonaalisten muutosten on tunnistettu vaikuttavan fysiologisiin toimintoihin niin levossa kuin fyysisen kuormituksen aikana. N\u00e4m\u00e4 muutokset ovat her\u00e4tt\u00e4neet mielenkiinnon selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 kuukautiskierron mukaan jaksotetun harjoittelun hy\u00f6tyj\u00e4 suorituskykyyn. Poikittaistutkimuksissa on havaittu korkeamman rasvamassaan sek\u00e4 metabolisen oireyhtym\u00e4n olevan yhteydess\u00e4 androgeenien korkeampaan pitoisuuteen. On viitteit\u00e4, ett\u00e4 kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelulla voi saada aikaan my\u00f6nteisi\u00e4 muutoksia sek\u00e4 androgeeneissa ett\u00e4 rasvamassassa. Korkeaintensiteettisen intervalliharjoittelun (HIIT) on havaittu parantavan sek\u00e4 kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyky\u00e4 ett\u00e4 v\u00e4hent\u00e4v\u00e4n rasvamassaa. T\u00e4m\u00e4n opinn\u00e4ytety\u00f6n tarkoituksena oli vertailla kuukautiskierron mukaan jaksotetun intervalliharjoittelun sek\u00e4 tasaisesti jaksotetun intervalliharjoittelun vaikutuksia maksimaalisen hapenottokykyyn (VO2max). Lis\u00e4ksi intervalliharjoittelun vaikutuksia androgeeneihin sek\u00e4 kehonkoostumukseen tarkastellaan. \n\nLuonnollisen kuukautiskierron omaavat fyysisesti aktiiviset naiset (n=36, ik\u00e4=29,7 \u00b14,3 vuotta, BMI 24,3\u00b13,4 kg/m2) jaettiin satunnaisesti kolmeen harjoitteluryhm\u00e4\u00e4n: luteaalivaiheessa painotettuun (LP), follikul\u00e4\u00e4rivaiheessa painotettuun (FP) ja kontrolliryhm\u00e4\u00e4n. Koehenkil\u00f6t suorittivat 8 viikon HIIT-jakson, jota edelsi 8-viikon kohtuukuormitteinen (MIET) jakso. Kest\u00e4vyyssuorituskyvyn kehittymist\u00e4 mitattiin juoksumatolla suoritetulla VO2max-testill\u00e4. Kehonkoostumuksen muutoksia mitattiin bioimpedanssilla ja androgeenien muutokset m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin immunom\u00e4\u00e4ritysmenetelm\u00e4ll\u00e4. Tilastollisina menetelmin\u00e4 ryhmien v\u00e4liseen vertailuun k\u00e4ytettiin toistettavien mittausten varianssianalyysi\u00e4 (ANOVA) sek\u00e4 ryhmien sis\u00e4iseen vertailuun parametritonta Friedmanin varianssianalyysi\u00e4. Kehonkoostumuksen ja androgeenien yhteyksi\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ritettiin Spearmanin korrelaatiokertoimella. \n\nRyhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja VO2max-tuloksissa. Ryhmien sis\u00e4isess\u00e4 vertailussa kontrolliryhm\u00e4 paransi tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti VO2max-tulostaan koko harjoitusintervention aikana (40,68\u00b15,30<43,14\u00b15,61). LP-ryhm\u00e4 paransi VO2max tulosta tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti (38,97\u00b14,32<40,40\u00b14,40) MIET jakson aikana. FP-ryhm\u00e4ll\u00e4 ei n\u00e4hty tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 muutoksia intervention aikana. Androgeeneista vapaa testosteroni v\u00e4heni merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti HIIT-jakson aikana (-14,7\u00b134,9 %) sek\u00e4 koko harjoitusintervention aikana (7,1\u00b144,2 %). Kehonkoostumuksessa ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja harjoitusintervention aikana, eik\u00e4 kehonkoostumusmuutosten ja androgeenimuutosten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4\u00e4 korrelaatiota. Tutkimuksen mukaan kuukautiskierron mukaan jaksotettu HIIT ei ole tehokkaampaa kuin tasaisesti jaksotettu HIIT. LP-painotteinen MIET saattaa olla suositeltavaa, mutta aiheesta tarvitaan lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimusta.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Fluctuation of hormones impacts on physiological functions during exercise and rest across the menstrual cycle. This has increased interest to investigate whether menstrual cycle meditated training provokes beneficial adaptations in physical performance. Many cross-sectional studies have observed that a high concentration of endogenous androgens in females is associated with metabolic syndrome and higher body fat mass. Furthermore, both fat mass and endogenous androgens have been observed to change in response to endurance training. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective training method to improve endurance performance and reduce body fat mass. The objective of this master\u2019s thesis was to compare the impact of menstrual cycle mediated training and traditional continuously periodized HIIT on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Additionally, the impact of HIIT training on endogenous androgens and body composition will be investigated. \n\nNaturally menstruating recreationally active females (n=36, age=29.7 \u00b14.3 years, BMI 24.3\u00b13.4 kg/m2) were divided into three training groups: luteal phase emphasized (LP), follicular phase emphasized (FP), and control. The participants executed a 8-week HIIT period, prior to which a 8-week moderate intensity endurance (MIET) period was accomplished. Change in endurance performance was measured with an incremental treadmill running test to determine VO2max. Changes in body composition were determined using bioimpedance measurement. Changes in endogenous androgens were determined with immunoassay kits. Statistical analysis for between group comparisons were analysed using repeated measures of variance (ANOVA) and for within group comparisons a non-parametric related samples Friedman's two-way analysis of variance test were used. Spearman\u2019s correlation was used to determine the relationship between endogenous androgens and body composition variables\n\nStatistically significant differences in VO2max between groups or during the HIIT groups were not observed. In within group comparisons, it was observed that VO2max improved in the control groups significantly across the whole training intervention (40.68\u00b15.30<43.14\u00b15.61). The LP group significantly increased VO2max during the MIET intervention (38.97\u00b14.32<40.40\u00b14.40). The FP group did not experience significant changes across the training intervention. When comparing all participants as a one group, significant reduction in free testosterone was observed across the HIIT-intervention (-14.7\u00b134.9 %) and the whole training intervention (7.1\u00b144.2 %). In body composition variables significant changes were not observed. Hence, no concurrent changes in in the androgen and body composition variables were observed. According to the present study, menstrual cycle mediated HIIT is not superior compared to the traditional continuously periodized HIIT. However, there are indications that LP emphasized MIET training might be beneficial, but more studies considering the topic is needed.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2023-06-26T06:33:59Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-06-26T06:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "68", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "rasvamassa", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Impact of menstrual cycle mediated and traditional high-intensity interval training on maximal oxygen uptake, endogenous androgens, and fat mass in naturally menstruating females", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202306264107", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Valmennus- ja testausoppi", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Science in Sport Coaching and Fitness Testing", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5013", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kehonkoostumus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "androgeenit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "intervalliharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kuukautiskierto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kest\u00e4vyysharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lihavuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "naiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "kuukautiset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hormonit", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "body composition", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "androgens", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "interval training", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "menstrual cycle", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "endurance training", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "obesity", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "women", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "menstruation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "hormones", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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