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author Loskin, Ilona
author2 Informaatioteknologian tiedekunta Faculty of Information Technology Informaatioteknologia Information Technology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Loskin, Ilona Informaatioteknologian tiedekunta Faculty of Information Technology Informaatioteknologia Information Technology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Loskin, Ilona Informaatioteknologian tiedekunta Faculty of Information Technology Informaatioteknologia Information Technology Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
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description Cybersecurity of road vehicles has become a genuine matter as vehicles are not manufactured anymore as plain mechanical devices but containing numerous amounts of computers and millions of lines of code. The intelligent and safety-critical vehicular systems are prone to cyberattacks just like any other information system. It is evident that the vehicles need to be protected. A joint global working group prepared a new, international standard to cover the cybersecurity engineering in the automotive industry. The standard is called ISO/SAE JWG 21434 Road vehicles - Cybersecurity engineering. The new cybersecurity engineering standard defines the minimum criteria for cybersecurity of road vehicles which is also a demand by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The cybersecurity engineering standard gives requirements and recommendations what a security risk analysis of road vehicles should contain. The standard does not provide instructions how to perform the analysis. This research study targeted to find a threat analysis and risk assessment method which covers the requirements and recommendations of the cybersecurity engineering standard. Such singular method did not exist, thus a new analysis framework named TARA+AD (Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving) was derived from the best features of two existing security risk analysis methods. The research method used was design science which aims to produce an artifact to resolve real-life problems. The artifact, TARA+AD, and the study was evaluated by using a Design Science Research Method (DSRM) process model. The new framework was tested by executing a use case related to vehicular communication which is the easiest interface to be attacked. The results were satisfactory as the new TARA+AD analysis framework solved the issue with performing a cybersecurity engineering standard compliant security risk analysis. Maantieajoneuvojen kyberturvallisuudesta on tullut todellinen asia, sillä ajoneuvoja ei valmisteta enää pelkkinä mekaanisina laitteina, vaan ne sisältävät lukuisia määriä tietokoneita ja miljoonia koodirivejä. Älykkäät ja turvallisuuskriittiset ajoneuvojärjestelmät ovat alttiita kyberhyökkäyksille kuten kaikki muutkin tietojärjestelmät. On selvää, että ajoneuvoja on suojeltava. Yhteinen globaali työryhmä valmisteli uuden kansainvälisen standardin kattamaan autoteollisuuden kyberturvallisuustekniikan. Standardin nimi on ISO/SAE JWG 21434 Road vehicles - Cybersecurity engineering (suomeksi: ISO/SAE JWG 21434 Maantieajoneuvot - Kyberturvallisuustekniikka). Uusi kyberturvallisuustekniikkastandardi määrittelee maantieajoneuvojen kyberturvallisuuden vähimmäiskriteerit, jota myös Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien Euroopan talouskomissio UNECE vaatii. Kyberturvallisuustekniikan standardi antaa vaatimuksia ja suosituksia, mitä tieliikenteen ajoneuvojen turvallisuusriskianalyysin tulee sisältää. Standardi ei anna ohjeita analyysin suorittamiseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli löytää uhkien analysointi- ja riskien arviointimenetelmä, joka kattaa kyberturvallisuustekniikan standardin vaatimukset ja suositukset. Tällaista yksittäistä menetelmää ei ollut saatavilla, joten uusi analyysikehys nimeltä TARA+AD (Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving) (suomeksi: uhkien analysointi ja riskien arviointi autonomisessa ajossa) johdettiin kahden olemassa olevan turvallisuusriskianalyysimenetelmän parhaista ominaisuuksista. Tutkimusmenetelmänä oli suunnittelutiede, jonka tavoitteena on tuottaa artefakti, eli jokin tuotos ratkaisemaan tosielämän ongelmia. Artefakti, TARA+AD, ja tutkimus arvioitiin Design Science Research Method (DSRM) -prosessimallilla (suomeksi: suunnittelutieteellinen tutkimusmenetelmä). Uutta viitekehystä testattiin suorittamalla ajoneuvoviestintään liittyvä käyttötapaus, sillä ajoneuvoviestintä on helpoin käyttöliittymä hyökkäyksille. Tulokset olivat vakuuttavia, sillä uusi TARA+AD -analyysikehys ratkaisi ongelman tarjoamalla kyberturvallisuustekniikan standardin mukaisen turvallisuusriskianalyysin.
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spellingShingle Loskin, Ilona TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving : cybersecurity of road vehicles cybersecurity of road vehicles automated driving threat analysis and risk assessment ISO/SAE JWG 21434 design science research intelligent vehicle vehicular communication maantieajoneuvojen kyberturvallisuus autonominen ajo uhkien analysointi ja riskien arviointi suunnittelutieteellinen tutkimus älykäs ajoneuvo ajoneuvoviestintä Tietojärjestelmätiede Information Systems Science 601 tietoturva kyberturvallisuus automaatio turvallisuus ajoneuvot turvallisuusanalyysi riskianalyysi riskienhallinta autotekniikka riskit data security cyber security automation safety and security vehicles security analysis risk analysis risk management automotive engineering risks
title TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving : cybersecurity of road vehicles
title_full TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving : cybersecurity of road vehicles
title_fullStr TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving : cybersecurity of road vehicles TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving : cybersecurity of road vehicles
title_full_unstemmed TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving : cybersecurity of road vehicles TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving : cybersecurity of road vehicles
title_short TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving
title_sort tara+ad threat analysis and risk assessment for automated driving cybersecurity of road vehicles
title_sub cybersecurity of road vehicles
title_txtP TARA+AD: Threat Analysis and Risk Assessment for Automated Driving : cybersecurity of road vehicles
topic cybersecurity of road vehicles automated driving threat analysis and risk assessment ISO/SAE JWG 21434 design science research intelligent vehicle vehicular communication maantieajoneuvojen kyberturvallisuus autonominen ajo uhkien analysointi ja riskien arviointi suunnittelutieteellinen tutkimus älykäs ajoneuvo ajoneuvoviestintä Tietojärjestelmätiede Information Systems Science 601 tietoturva kyberturvallisuus automaatio turvallisuus ajoneuvot turvallisuusanalyysi riskianalyysi riskienhallinta autotekniikka riskit data security cyber security automation safety and security vehicles security analysis risk analysis risk management automotive engineering risks
topic_facet 601 ISO/SAE JWG 21434 Information Systems Science Tietojärjestelmätiede ajoneuvot ajoneuvoviestintä automaatio automated driving automation automotive engineering autonominen ajo autotekniikka cyber security cybersecurity of road vehicles data security design science research intelligent vehicle kyberturvallisuus maantieajoneuvojen kyberturvallisuus risk analysis risk management riskianalyysi riskienhallinta riskit risks safety and security security analysis suunnittelutieteellinen tutkimus threat analysis and risk assessment tietoturva turvallisuus turvallisuusanalyysi uhkien analysointi ja riskien arviointi vehicles vehicular communication älykäs ajoneuvo
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87888 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202306193943
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