Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa

Joukkuelajeissa kertyvää iskukuormitusta on tutkittu erilaisilla antureilla ja epidemiologista tietoa on yhdistetty videokuvaan tilanteista. Tutkimukset osoittavat, että amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa tulee muihin lajeihin verrattuna kovempia iskuja pelitilanteissa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena o...

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Main Author: Jaakkola, Elina
Other Authors: Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Liikunta- ja terveystieteet, Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Format: Master's thesis
Language:fin
Published: 2023
Subjects:
Online Access: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87735
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author Jaakkola, Elina
author2 Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Jaakkola, Elina Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Jaakkola, Elina Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Liikunta- ja terveystieteet Sport and Health Sciences Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
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description Joukkuelajeissa kertyvää iskukuormitusta on tutkittu erilaisilla antureilla ja epidemiologista tietoa on yhdistetty videokuvaan tilanteista. Tutkimukset osoittavat, että amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa tulee muihin lajeihin verrattuna kovempia iskuja pelitilanteissa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää amerikkalaisen jalkapallon peleissä tulevaa iskukuormitusta suomalaisessa naisjoukkueessa eri pelipaikoilla, sekä millaisissa pelitilanteissa iskuja pelaajille tulee. Tutkimuksessa seurattiin yhden Suomen korkeimmalla tasolla amerikkalaista jalkapalloa pelaavan naisjoukkueen saamaa iskukuormitusta kauden 2022 aikana. Pelaajat (n=22) olivat iältään 21─44-vuotiaita ja heidän kokemuksensa oli 2─15 pelivuotta. Pelaajien kypäriin kiinnitettiin Northern Sports Insight and Intelligence Oy:n anturi ACT Head Impact Tracker, joka yhdistettiin älylaitteen sovellukseen. Anturi tallensi tiedot kertyneistä iskuista. Anturin tallentamat tiedot iskuista pyrittiin yhdistämään videokuvaan peleistä. Tämä osoittautui ennakoitua haastavammaksi, joten aineistoksi saatiin kuusi videokuvalla varmistettua iskua. Videoanalyysin lisäksi anturin tallentamasta aineistosta muodostettiin histogrammit, joissa kuvattiin iskujen lukumäärä ja intensiteetti (g) pelipaikoittain. Analyysissa saatiin varmennettua videolta yhteensä kuusi yksittäistä iskua, jotka kaikki kohdistuivat keskushyökkääjään pallonkantotilanteessa. Kaikissa tilanteissa keskushyökkääjä tulee taklatuksi vastustajan toimesta ja keskushyökkääjän pää osuu joko vastustajaan, maahan tai molempiin. Histogrammeista käy ilmi, että kokonaisuudessaan puolustajat saivat enemmän iskuja kuin hyökkääjät. Puolustuksen pelaajista tukimiehet ja hyökkäyksen pelaajista keskushyökkääjät saivat eniten kovia iskuja. Paljon lieviä iskuja saivat laitahyökkääjät, keskushyökkääjät, tukimiehet sekä hyökkäyksen ja puolustuksen linjapelaajat. Vähiten iskuja saivat pelinrakentajat ja puolustuksen takakentän pelaajat. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että kokonaisuutena puolustuksen pelaajat saivat enemmän iskuja kuin hyökkäyksen pelaajat. Tämä on tullut esille myös aiemmassa tutkimuskirjallisuudessa. Keskushyökkääjän saamat iskut ovat pelipaikalle tyypillisiä sekä iskutapahtuman, että intensiteetin osalta. Jatkotutkimusta iskukuormituksesta tarvitaan, jotta pelaajien harjoittelua pystyttäisiin ohjaamaan paremmin oman pelipaikan vaatimuksiin iskukuormituksen osalta ja toisaalta iskujen aiheuttamia haittoja pystyttäisiin vähentämään. The impact load experienced in team sports has been studied with different kind of sensors and epidemiologic information has been connected to the video footage from the situations. The studies demonstrate that in American football players get harder impacts compared to other sports in game situations. The purpose of this study was to discover the impact load Finnish women’s American foot team experienced in their games. The study investigated different playing positions and types of situations where the players experienced the impacts. In this study, one women’s team, which plays American football at the highest level in Finland, was followed during the season 2022 in terms of the impact load. Players (n=22) were aged between 21─44 and they had playing experience from 2 to 15 years. In each player’s helmet, a Northern Sports Insight and Intelligence Company’s sensor called ACT Head Impact Tracker was attached. The sensor was connected to a smart phone application and the sensor recorded all the information from the impacts. The data recorded by the sensor was then matched with the video footage from the games where the impacts occurred. This proved to be more challenging than expected. At the end, there were six impacts that we were able to match to the video footage of the occurrence. In addition to video analysis, histograms were built from the data that the sensors had been recording. Histograms include the number and the intensity (g) of the impacts recorded for each playing position. In the analysis, six separate impacts were matched to the video footage - all of these impacts being recorded for the running back in ball carrying situations. In each of these situations, the running back gets tackled by the opponent and her head hits either to the opponent, to the ground or both. From the histograms we can determine that as a whole the defence gets more impacts than the offence. Line backers from the defence and running backs from the offence got most hard impacts. A lot of mild impacts were experienced by wide receivers, running backs, line backers and linemen from both offence and defence. Least number of impacts were experienced among quarterbacks and defensive backs. This study demonstrates that the defensive players experience more head impacts than the offensive players. This has also been demonstrated also in the earlier studies of the subject. The impacts experienced by the running backs are typical for the playing position; both in terms of the impact situation and the intensity. Further study about the impact load is needed in order to guide the athletes and teams towards safer practices the demands of their playing position and in order to minimize the short- and long-term effects from head impacts.
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spellingShingle Jaakkola, Elina Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa iskukuormitus kiihtyvyysanturi Liikuntalääketiede Sport Medicine 5042 amerikkalainen jalkapallo harjoittelu pelaajat
title Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa
title_full Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa
title_fullStr Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa
title_full_unstemmed Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa
title_short Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa
title_sort iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa
title_txtP Iskukuormitus amerikkalaisessa jalkapallossa
topic iskukuormitus kiihtyvyysanturi Liikuntalääketiede Sport Medicine 5042 amerikkalainen jalkapallo harjoittelu pelaajat
topic_facet 5042 Liikuntalääketiede Sport Medicine amerikkalainen jalkapallo harjoittelu iskukuormitus kiihtyvyysanturi pelaajat
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87735 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202306143803
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