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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Nieminen, Eini", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Halme, Panu", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Pyk\u00e4l\u00e4inen, Essi", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-06-13T08:15:46Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-06-13T08:15:46Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87680", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Kasvaneen maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n ja ihmistoiminnan my\u00f6t\u00e4 luonnon monimuotoisuus on v\u00e4hentynyt merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti viime vuosikymmenin\u00e4. Elinymp\u00e4rist\u00f6jen tuhoutuminen, pirstoutuminen ja laadun heikentyminen ajaa yh\u00e4 useamman lajin kohti sukupuuttoa. Yhten\u00e4 ratkaisuna luontokadon pys\u00e4ytt\u00e4miseen Suomessa on ehdotettu ekologisen kompensaation k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6nottoa maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n yhteydess\u00e4. Ekologinen kompensaatio on lievennyshierarkian nelj\u00e4s porras, jossa monimuotoisuudelle aiheutettu haitta hyvitet\u00e4\u00e4n t\u00e4ysim\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4isesti samanlaisiin luontoarvoihin kohdistuen. Lievennyshierarkian mukaan ennen kompensaation k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00f6nottoa haitallisia vaikutuksia luonnolle kuitenkin pyrit\u00e4\u00e4n ensin v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n kokonaan, jonka j\u00e4lkeen j\u00e4ljelle j\u00e4\u00e4vi\u00e4 haittoja lievennet\u00e4\u00e4n esimerkiksi paremmilla suunnitteluratkaisuilla. Lis\u00e4ksi toiminnan loputtua haitattu alue ennallistetaan, eli aiheutettu haitta korjataan, jos mahdollista. Ekologinen kompensaatio eli hyvitys j\u00e4ljelle j\u00e4\u00e4vist\u00e4 haitoista tulee ajankohtaiseksi vasta n\u00e4iden toimien osoittautuessa riitt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00f6miksi. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4 tutkittiin v\u00e4ltt\u00e4misportaan ja kompensaation laskentaprosessin sis\u00e4isten p\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6sten vaikutusta ekologisen kompensaation edellytt\u00e4m\u00e4n hyvityksen m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4\u00e4n. Laskenta perustui suunnitteilla olevaan asuinalueeseen Kauram\u00e4ess\u00e4 Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4ss\u00e4, johon kaupunki kaavoitti kaksi suunnitelmaversiota, pyrkien t\u00e4rkeiden luontoarvojen v\u00e4ltt\u00e4miseen tehostetusti toisessa versiossa. Suorat vaikutukset laskettiin rakennusmassan ja teiden alle j\u00e4\u00e4v\u00e4st\u00e4 pinta-alasta. Ep\u00e4suorien vaikutusten m\u00e4\u00e4ritt\u00e4miseen asetettiin kaksi eri et\u00e4isyytt\u00e4 rakennusmassasta, jotka kuvasivat riitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 (50 metri\u00e4) ja varovaista (100 metri\u00e4) l\u00e4hestymistapaa luonnon kokonaisheikentym\u00e4tt\u00f6myyden tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi. Kompensaatiolaskennan tuloksia vertailemalla todettiin, ett\u00e4 haitallisten vaikutusten tehostettu v\u00e4ltt\u00e4minen suunnitteluvaiheessa v\u00e4hensi kompensaation tarvetta keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 7,44 habitaattihehtaarilla mets\u00e4\u00e4 ja 0,23 habitaattihehtaarilla suota ollen t\u00e4ten tehokas keino kompensaatiotarpeen v\u00e4hent\u00e4misess\u00e4. Vertailussa selvisi my\u00f6s, ett\u00e4 varovainen l\u00e4hestymistapa ep\u00e4suorien vaikutusten arvioinnissa lis\u00e4si kompensaation tarvetta keskim\u00e4\u00e4rin 3,31 habitaattihehtaarilla mets\u00e4\u00e4 ja 0,33 habitaattihehtaarilla suota riitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n verrattuna, joka todellisen kokonaisheikentym\u00e4tt\u00f6myyden varmistamiseksi olisi toteutettavissa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Declining trends of habitat and species biodiversity raise concern on a global scale. In Finland over 2600 of 22 400 evaluated species were classified threatened in 2019 while continuing pressure from development and land use accelerate this trend. Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation caused by anthropological activities are the biggest threats to biodiversity. One recognised method for halting this decline is biodiversity offsetting in which adverse environmental impacts caused by a development or activity are fully compensated. It is the fourth and final step in the mitigation hierarchy, where offsetting is carried out after adverse effects to the environment are first avoided, minimised, and restored on site if possible. The aim of this thesis was to facilitate further understanding of biodiversity offsetting and the implications of the decisions within the calculation process. This study was conducted focusing on boreal forest and mire habitats in a planned residential development site in Kauram\u00e4ki, Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4. First, by comparing two versions of the configuration of houses and roads in the area, the before and after versions of implementing added avoidance measures, this thesis aimed to illustrate how avoiding adverse effects impacts the outcome of calculated area required for biodiversity offsets. Second, by using two alternative scenarios for distance of edge influence (sufficient with 50 meters and cautious with 100 meters) in evaluating indirect effects from the development this thesis set out to demonstrate the impact of decisions to the calculated area for required offsets. The results showed that calculated forest area for required offsets decreased on average by 7.44 habitat hectares and mire area by 0.23 habitat area if the avoiding of adverse effects was emphasized in the planning phase. Using the cautious approach to evaluate the distance of edge influence instead of the sufficient one resulted in an average increase of 3.31 habitat hectares of forest area and 0.33 mire area for required offsets. These results indicated that emphasized avoidance of adverse effects in the development planning phase was an efficient way to decrease the need for offsetting actions. Taking the cautious approach in evaluating biodiversity losses to achieve true no net loss targets was considered feasible.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2023-06-13T08:15:46Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-06-13T08:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "55", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "biodiversity offsets", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "The quantitative effect of emphasized impact avoidance in zoning and distance of edge influence on required biodiversity offsets", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202306133748", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Environmental science", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "40151", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "suot", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biodiversiteetti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mets\u00e4t", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "luonnon monimuotoisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6vaikutukset", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "habitaatti", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "bogs", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "biodiversity", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "forests", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "natural diversity", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "environmental effects", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "habitat", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival workstation at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library (https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/collections/archival-workstation).", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston arkistoty\u00f6semalta. Ks. https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/kokoelmat/arkistotyoasema..", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}]
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