Countering misinformation in the public sector

Misinformaatio on merkittävä haaste tehokkaalle julkisen sektorin viestinnälle, sillä se heikentää ihmisten luottamusta instituutioihin ja organisaatioihin ja voi näin vaarantaa yhteiskunnan yleiset toiminnot (Lee, Moore, & Hancock, 2023). Misinformaatiolla tarkoitetaan tapauksia, joissa valheel...

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Päätekijät: Kallio, Viktoria, Uotila, Hilla
Muut tekijät: Kauppakorkeakoulu, School of Business and Economics, Taloustieteet, Business and Economics, Jyväskylän yliopisto, University of Jyväskylä
Aineistotyyppi: Pro gradu
Kieli:eng
Julkaistu: 2023
Aiheet:
Linkit: https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87245
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author Kallio, Viktoria Uotila, Hilla
author2 Kauppakorkeakoulu School of Business and Economics Taloustieteet Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_facet Kallio, Viktoria Uotila, Hilla Kauppakorkeakoulu School of Business and Economics Taloustieteet Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä Kallio, Viktoria Uotila, Hilla Kauppakorkeakoulu School of Business and Economics Taloustieteet Business and Economics Jyväskylän yliopisto University of Jyväskylä
author_sort Kallio, Viktoria
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description Misinformaatio on merkittävä haaste tehokkaalle julkisen sektorin viestinnälle, sillä se heikentää ihmisten luottamusta instituutioihin ja organisaatioihin ja voi näin vaarantaa yhteiskunnan yleiset toiminnot (Lee, Moore, & Hancock, 2023). Misinformaatiolla tarkoitetaan tapauksia, joissa valheellista tietoa jaetaan, mutta tiedon jakajan tarkoitus ei ole vahingoittaa, vaan hän tekee sen tiedostamattaan (Wardle, 2018, 3). Vaikka aiheesta on tehty aiempaa tutkimusta, täydentävää tutkimusta tarvitaan, jotta viranomaiset pystyvät paremmin torjumaan kohtaamaansa väärää tietoa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää, minkälainen ilmiö misinformaatio on julkisen sektorin viestinnän kontekstissa, ja siinä keskitytään erityisesti yhteiskunnan ja kansalaisten väliseen viestintään. Tämä laadullinen tapaustutkimus hyödyntää kansalaisten lausuntoja, jotka koskevat uutta digitaalisen identiteetin lainsäädäntöä Suomessa. Tarkoituksena on (1) selvittää, ilmeneekö kansalaisten lausunnoissa misinformaatiota ja (2) tunnistaa teemoja, joita kansalaiset liittävät lausuntoihinsa. Tutkimus omaksuu tulkinnallisen lähestymistavan ja hyödyntää induktiivis-deduktiivista temaattista analyysiä. Tutkimusaineisto koostui 491:stä keväällä 2022 kerätystä kansalaislausunnosta. Ainutlaatuinen typologia, joka erottelee väärän tiedon sen tyypin ja alkuperän perusteella, rakennettiin jotta misinformaatiota voidaan ymmärtää syvemmin julkisen sektorin kontekstissa. Tulokset osoittavat, että merkittävä osa (67 %, n=491) kansalaislausunnoista sisälsi misinformaatiota. Misinformaatiotyypeistä lausunnoissa havaittiin eniten ennenaikaisia johtopäätöksiä (eng. premature conclusions) ja totuudellisuuden arviointia (eng. truth judgment), joista molemmat on jaoteltu epävarman tiedon yläkategoriaan (eng. uncertain factual basis). Lisäksi havainnot paljastivat, että kansalaiset liittivät lausuntoihinsa pääasiassa negatiivisia ja kriittisiä aiheita. Tutkimuksessa tunnistettiin seuraavat teemat: mikrotasolla (1) muutosvastaisuus, (2) kontrolli ja vapauden menettäminen, mesotasolla (3) data- ja teknologiariskit, (4) julkisorganisaatiot, ja makrotasolla (5) demokratian heikkeneminen, (6) COVID-19 ja (7) julkinen talous. Teemojen ja misinformaatiotyyppien ristiinanalysointi osoitti, että COVID-19 ja julkisorganisaatioiden teemat sisälsivät eniten misinformaatiota. Tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat käsitystä siitä, että misinformaatio on merkittävä haaste julkisella sektorilla, sekä korostavat viranomaisviestinnän merkitystä oikean tiedon välittämisessä läpinäkyvästi kansalaisille. Samalla tulokset tuovat esiin misinformaation mahdollisia haittoja julkisen sektorin viestinnän eri osa-alueille, etenkin luottamukselle ja demokratialle. Tuleva tutkimus voisi hyödyntää tässä tutkimuksessa rakennettua typologiaa ja tarkastella sitä, miten väärä tieto ilmenee muissa julkisen sektorin konteksteissa. Lisäksi jatkotutkimuksella voitaisiin selvittää tarkemmin, miten misinformaatio vaikuttaa julkisen sektorin viestinnän erityispiirteisiin ja tunnistaa keskeiset tekijät, jotka rakentavat resilienssiä misinformaatiota vastaan. Misinformation is a crucial challenge to efficient public sector communication as it undermines people's trust in institutions and organizations, jeopardizing society's overall functioning (Lee, Moore, & Hancock, 2023). Misinformation refers to instances where false information is shared without the intent to harm (Wardle, 2018, 3). Although there are previously conducted studies on the matter, additional research is needed in the context of the public sector to equip government officials to combat misinformation they are facing. The objective of this study is to establish what kind of phenomenon misinformation is within the context of public sector communication, with a specific focus on the communication between society and citizens. This qualitative case study employs the citizens' statements regarding the proposed legislation on Digital Identity in Finland (1) to investigate the occurrence of potential misinformation within these statements and (2) to identify the specific topics that citizens associated with their statements concerning digital identity legislation to understand the context of potential misinformation. The study adopts an interpretivist approach and employs a hybrid thematic analysis, combining deductive and inductive reasoning. The research data consists of 491 citizen statements gathered in the spring of 2022. A distinctive typology, that divides the misinformation based on its type and origin, was created to allow a deeper understanding of the phenomenon within the context of public sector communication. The findings indicate a significant presence of misinformation within citizens' statements, with 67% (n=491) of the statements containing misinformation. Among the various types of misinformation identified, premature conclusions and truth judgments were the most prevalent, both falling under the category of uncertain factual basis. Furthermore, the findings reveal that citizens predominantly associated negative and critical topics with their statements. The study identified the following themes: at the micro level (1) Resistance to Change and (2) Control & Lack of Freedom, at the meso level (3) Data & Technology Risks and (4) Public organizations and at the macro level (5) Democracy at Stake, (6) COVID-19 and (7) Public Finance. The co-occurrence analysis of misinformation and the themes demonstrates that the themes of COVID-19 and Public Organizations were most associated with misinformation. The results of the study support the notion that misinformation poses a substantial challenge for the public sector, highlighting the significance of public sector organizations in delivering accurate information transparently to citizens. Simultaneously, the findings underscore the potential harm that misinformation can cause to various features of public sector communication, particularly democracy and trust. Future research could investigate how misinformation manifests in other public sector contexts and cases, building on the typology of misinformation created in this study. Moreover, further research could aim to examine in greater detail how misinformation impacts the specific characteristics of public sector communication and identify the key factors that contribute to misinformation resilience.
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spellingShingle Kallio, Viktoria Uotila, Hilla Countering misinformation in the public sector digital identity information disorder misinformation Viestinnän johtaminen Corporate Communication 2043 viestintä julkinen hallinto julkinen sektori communication public administration public sector
title Countering misinformation in the public sector
title_full Countering misinformation in the public sector
title_fullStr Countering misinformation in the public sector Countering misinformation in the public sector
title_full_unstemmed Countering misinformation in the public sector Countering misinformation in the public sector
title_short Countering misinformation in the public sector
title_sort countering misinformation in the public sector
title_txtP Countering misinformation in the public sector
topic digital identity information disorder misinformation Viestinnän johtaminen Corporate Communication 2043 viestintä julkinen hallinto julkinen sektori communication public administration public sector
topic_facet 2043 Corporate Communication Viestinnän johtaminen communication digital identity information disorder julkinen hallinto julkinen sektori misinformation public administration public sector viestintä
url https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/87245 http://www.urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202305293305
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