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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Jussila, Ilkka", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-04-21T10:42:38Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-04-21T10:42:38Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/86516", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Johdanto. Lihasvoimaharjoittelun aikaan saamat kortikospinaaliset adaptaatiot ovat harjoittelu spesifej\u00e4 ja ovat yhteydess\u00e4 maksimaalisen voimantuoton kasvuun. Kortikospinaalisten adaptaatioiden on havaittu tapahtuvan niin supraspinaalisella, ett\u00e4 spinaalisella tasolla. Supraspinaalisia adaptaatioita on tutkittu paljon, mutta tutkimustulokset ovat ristiriitaisia. Spinaalisen tason motoneuroni altaaseen keskittyvi\u00e4 tutkimuksia on puolestaan niukasti. Lis\u00e4ksi vain muutama tutkimus on keskittynyt tutkimaan harjoittelun j\u00e4lkeisi\u00e4 muutoksia harjoittelemattomuusjakson aikana. T\u00e4m\u00e4n takia tutkimuksen ensisijaisena tavoitteena oli tutkia lihasvoimaharjoittelun aikaan saamia sek\u00e4 harjoittelemattomuusjakson j\u00e4lkeisi\u00e4 kortikospinaalisia adaptaatioita. Tarkennettuna tavoitteena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4 kortikospinaalisen radan supraspinaalisen ja spinaalisen tason muutoksia, sek\u00e4 arvioida kummalla tasolla tapahtuu merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4mpi\u00e4 muutoksia voimaharjoittelun ja harjoittelemattomuusjakson seurauksena.\nMenetelm\u00e4t. Tutkimuksen populaatio koostui yhdest\u00e4toista vapaaehtoisesta tutkittavasta. Kaikki tutkittavat toteuttivat seitsem\u00e4n viikon lihasvoimaharjoittelujakson ja viiden viikon harjoittelemattomuusjakson. Kortikospinaalisten adaptaatioiden tutkimiseen k\u00e4ytetyt menetelm\u00e4t sis\u00e4lsiv\u00e4t rectus femoris lihaksen transkraniaalisen magneettistimulaation (TMS), lannerangan s\u00e4hk\u00f6stimulaation (LS) ja maksimaalisen M-aallon (M-max). Lis\u00e4ksi voiman kehityst\u00e4 mitattiin oikean polven isometrisell\u00e4 maksimaalisella tahdonalaisella supistuksella (MVC) ja polvien ojennuksien yhden toiston maksimitestill\u00e4 (1RM). TMS:ta ja lannerangan s\u00e4hk\u00f6ist\u00e4 stimulaatiota k\u00e4ytettiin her\u00e4tys potentiaalien aikaan saamiseen. Her\u00e4tys potentiaalit analysoitiin laskemalla huipusta huippuun amplitudit, normalisoimalla her\u00e4tys potentiaalit M-max amplitudiin ja keskiarvoistamalla kymmenen yksitt\u00e4isen her\u00e4tys potentiaalin amplitudit. Mittauspisteet olivat ennen harjoittelua, heti harjoittelujakson j\u00e4lkeen ja harjoittelemattomuusjakson j\u00e4lkeen.\nTulokset. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin seitsem\u00e4n viikon voimaharjoittelujakson j\u00e4lkeen tilastollisesti merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 voiman kasvu (14%, 19kg \u00b1 5kg), polvien ojennuksen yhden toiston maksimitestiss\u00e4 (F = 51,113, p < 0.05). Lis\u00e4ksi harjoittelun j\u00e4lkeen havaittiin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4 kasvu (60%) spinaalisella tasolla her\u00e4tys potentiaalien amplitudeissa (F = 11,073, p < 0.05). Yhden toiston maksimitesti osoitti my\u00f6s merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 laskua (4%, 5kg \u00b1 1kg) kohti l\u00e4ht\u00f6tasoa harjoittelemattomuusjakson j\u00e4lkeen (p<0.05). Miss\u00e4\u00e4n muissa parametrissa ei havaittu tilastollisesti merkitsevi\u00e4 eroja.\nJohtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6s. Johtop\u00e4\u00e4t\u00f6ksen\u00e4 seitsem\u00e4n viikon voimaharjoittelujakso lis\u00e4si polvien ojennuksen yhden toiston maksimikuormaa, jonka selitt\u00e4v\u00e4n\u00e4 tekij\u00e4n\u00e4 voi olla spinaalisen tason adaptaatiota. Tarkennettuna, spinaalisen tason adaptaatiot voivat johtua spinaalisten refleksien ja motoneuronialtaan herkkyyden kasvusta. Lis\u00e4ksi havaittiin, ett\u00e4 viiden viikon harjoittelemattomuusjakso on riitt\u00e4v\u00e4 v\u00e4hent\u00e4m\u00e4\u00e4n polvien ojennuksen yhden toiston maksimikuormaa kohti l\u00e4ht\u00f6tasoa. T\u00e4m\u00e4 on ensimm\u00e4inen tutkimus, joka on l\u00f6yt\u00e4nyt lihasvoimaharjoittelun aiheuttavan merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4n kasvun lannerangan her\u00e4tyspotentiaaleissa.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Introduction. The corticospinal adaptations to resistance training are based on use-dependent plasticity, which are rapid and are associated with increase in maximal force production and strength development. In addition, these changes happen without detectable changes in hypertrophy. The corticospinal adaptations to strength training have been found to happen in the supraspinal and spinal level. However, there are still conflicting results on the corticospinal adaptations. In addition, there are only limited number of studies that have investigated the corticospinal adaptations at the level of spinal motor neuron pool and the adaptations to detraining. As such the primary aim of the study was to investigate the corticospinal adaptations to strength training and detraining and to evaluate, whether the supraspinal or spinal level adaptations are more prominent.\nMethods. The study consisted of eleven volunteer participants, who completed a seven-week strength training and five-week detraining period. The methods used to study corticospinal adaptations included transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electrical stimulation of the lumbar spine (LS), and maximal M-wave (M-max) of the rectus femoris muscle. Additionally, strength development was measured by isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the right knee and one-repetition maximum (1RM) of the bilateral knee extension. The TMS and electrical stimulation of the LS were used to induce evoked potentials. The evoked potentials peak-to-peak amplitudes were analyzed, normalized to the amplitude of the M-max, and averaged across ten single stimuli. Measurement time points were before training, immediately at post-training, and after detraining.\nResults. The study found a significant increment in strength as in one-repetition maximum of bilateral knee extension of 14% (19kg \u00b1 5kg) (F = 51.113, p<0.05) and a significant increment in the evoked potentials at the spinal level of 60% (F = 11.073, p<0.05) after 7-week strength training. The one-repetition maximum also showed a significant decrease toward back to baseline after detraining period of -4%, 5kg \u00b1 1kg (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in any of the other parameters.\nConclusion. In conclusion, seven-week strength training induced an increase in the 1RM of the bilateral knee extension, which could be due to the increment in the evoked potentials at the spinal level. More specifically, the spinal level adaptations could be due to an increase in spinal reflexes and or motor neuron pool excitability. The study also found that five-week detraining period is sufficient to decrease the one-repetition maximum towards back to baseline. This study is to my knowledge the first study that has found a corticospinal adaptation at the spinal level in the form of increased LEPs, after strength training.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2023-04-21T10:42:38Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-04-21T10:42:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "67", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "corticospinal adaptation", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "electrical stimulation of the lumbar spine", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "one-repetition maximum", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "neurophysiology", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Corticospinal adaptations to strength training", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202304212630", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomekaniikka", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Biomechanics", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "5012", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "voimaharjoittelu", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "transkraniaalinen magneettistimulaatio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "strength training", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "transcranial magnetic stimulation", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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