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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Tuhkanen, Tuula", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Kairigo, Pius", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Ilom\u00e4ki, Johannes", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2023-04-21T06:44:15Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2023-04-21T06:44:15Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2023", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/86488", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Luonnollisen orgaanisen aineksen (NOM) m\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4 pintavesist\u00f6iss\u00e4 on kasvanut, mink\u00e4 lis\u00e4ksi niiss\u00e4 on havaittu ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6lle haitallisia l\u00e4\u00e4keainej\u00e4\u00e4mi\u00e4. Kun suuri osa Suomenkin juomavedest\u00e4 on per\u00e4isin pintavesil\u00e4hteist\u00e4, tulee sen puhdistamista kehitt\u00e4\u00e4 kasvavien haitta-ainepitoisuuksien my\u00f6t\u00e4. Aktiivihiilisuodatus on tehokas keino juomavedenpuhdistuksessa liuenneen orgaanisen hiilen (DOC) ja eri mikropollutanttien, kuten l\u00e4\u00e4keaineiden, poistossa. T\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa tutkittiin ravistelukokeiden avulla, miten erilaiset aktiivihiilet poistavat vedest\u00e4 metyleenisine\u00e4 (MB), DOC:t\u00e4 ja nelj\u00e4\u00e4 fysikaalis-kemiallisilta ominaisuuksiltaan erilaista l\u00e4\u00e4keainetta; sulfametoksatsolia (SMX), trimetopriimia (TMP), lamivudiinia (3TC) ja nevirapiinia (NVP). K\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 oli kaksi kaupallista aktiivihiilt\u00e4 ja kaksi kehitysvaiheessa olevaa, puusta (R&D puu) ja turpeesta (R&D turve) valmistettua aktiivihiilt\u00e4. Kokeissa tutkittiin my\u00f6s, miten DOC:n (2,5\u20133,6 mg/l) l\u00e4sn\u00e4olo vedess\u00e4 vaikuttaa l\u00e4\u00e4keaineiden (2\u201310 mg/l) poistumiseen, lis\u00e4\u00e4m\u00e4ll\u00e4 l\u00e4\u00e4keaineet vedenpuhdistamolta saatuun kemiallisesti saostettuun veteen. DOC:n ja l\u00e4\u00e4keaineiden analysointiin k\u00e4ytettiin TOC-analyysi\u00e4, korkean erotuskyvyn kokoekskluusiokromatografiaa (HPSEC) ja massaspektrometriaa (LC-MS/MS). Langmuirin ja Freundlichin isotermej\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin adsorptiomekanismien tutkimiseen ja adsorptiokapasiteettien laskemiseen. Adsorptiokapasiteetit R&D puulla ja R&D turpeella MB:lle olivat 107,5 ja 87,7 mg/g, ja kaupallisilla 16,1 ja 75,8 mg/g. Aktiivihiilten kapasiteetit DOC:lle vaihtelivat v\u00e4lill\u00e4 4,3\u201316,1 mg/g. Kapasiteetit ultrapuhtaassa vedess\u00e4 oleville l\u00e4\u00e4keaineille vaihtelivat v\u00e4lill\u00e4 10,8\u201329,1 mg/g SMX:lle, 4,0\u201329,7 mg/g 3TC:lle ja 10,8\u201387,0 mg/g NVP:lle. Kapasiteettia TMP:lle ei voitu laskea sen t\u00e4ydellisen poistumisen vuoksi. DOC:n l\u00e4sn\u00e4olo vedess\u00e4 todella heikensi l\u00e4\u00e4keaineiden poistumista: aktiivihiilien adsorptiokapasiteetti SMX:lle laski enimmill\u00e4\u00e4n 82 %, 3TC:lle 59 % ja NVP:lle 80 %. My\u00f6s TMP:n kohdalla oli havaittavissa adsorption heikkenemist\u00e4. MB ja l\u00e4\u00e4keaineet adsorboituivat yhteen kerrokseen (Langmuir), DOC:n adsorboituessa useampaan kerrokseen aktiivihiilen pinnalle (Freundlich). Adsorptioon n\u00e4ytti vaikuttavan ainakin veden pH, yhdisteiden pKa-arvo ja vesiliukoisuus, sek\u00e4 aktiivihiilten tuhkapitoisuus ja huokoskokojakauma. Yhdisteiden pKa arvot olivat TMP:t\u00e4 lukuunottamatta alhaisia, joten niiden ja DOC-molekyylien toisiaan hylkiv\u00e4t negatiiviset pintavaraukset saattoivat heikent\u00e4\u00e4 adsorptiota. Molekyylikoot ja aktiivihiilten huokoskoot voivat toimia my\u00f6s selitt\u00e4vin\u00e4 tekij\u00f6in\u00e4 DOC:n ja l\u00e4\u00e4keaineiden erilaisiin adsorptioihin. Tulosten mukaan tuotekehityksen alla olevat R&D-hiilet ovat t\u00e4ysin vertailukelpoisia kaupallisten, sek\u00e4 muissa tutkimuksissa k\u00e4ytettyjen aktiivihiilten kanssa, mink\u00e4 perusteella voidaan niiden katsoa soveltuvan juomaveden puhdistukseen. Jatkotutkimuksia kolonnikokeilla tarvitaan.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters is on the rise due to human activities. Along that, active pharmaceuticals ingredients, which are considered a threat as developing antibiotic resistance, are also detected in drinking water sources, particularly in less developed countries. Therefore, competitive treatment is required to make potable water from surface waters. Activated carbon (AC) filtration is a powerful tool in drinking water treatment because its ability to adsorb dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and specific micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals. In this study, adsorption of methylene blue (MB), DOC and four pharmaceuticals; sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP), lamivudine (3TC), and nevirapine (NVP) onto four ACs (two commercial, two wood- and peat-made AC under research and development (R&D)) was studied in batch experiments. Adsorption competition between selected pharmaceuticals (2.0\u201310.0 mg/l) and DOC (2.5\u20133.6 mg/l) was studied by spiking pharmaceuticals in coagulated water from local drinking water treatment plant (pH 7.2), corresponding the real treatment process. TOC analysis, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to analyze DOC and pharmaceutical contents. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe and calculate adsorption kinetics and capacities. Adsorption capacities of R&D wood and R&D peat for MB were 107.5 and 87.7 mg/g, respectively, while capacities of commercial ACs were 16.1 and 75.8 mg/g. Adsorption capacities of different ACs for DOC varied between 4.3 and 16.2 mg/g. In ultrapure MQ water, capacities varied between 10.8\u201329.1 mg/g for SMX, 4.0\u201329.7 mg/g for 3TC and 10.8\u201387.0 mg/g for NVP. Due to complete removal, adsorption capacity for TMP couldn\u2019t be determined. Presence of DOC in the matrix affected adsorption differently for each pharmaceutical. Capacities of ACs decreased 82 % for SMX at best, 59 % for 3TC at best and 80 % for NVP at best. Notable decrease in removal of TMP was also detected. Langmuir isotherm (monolayer adsorption) described better MB and pharmaceutical adsorptions, while Freundlich (multilayer) described better DOC adsorption. According to adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies, DOC really decreases adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals. Water solubility and pKa constant of molecules, and pore size distribution and ash content of ACs appeared to have some influence on adsorption. Strong repulsion forces may have decreased the adsorption of compounds with low pKa constant. Molecular sizes of molecules and pore size distribution of ACs made also difference between adsorption of some compounds. Further research of R&D products is needed with fixed-bed column tests. Compared to commercial ACs and literature, results indicate high potential of R&D products for use in water treatment process.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2023-04-21T06:44:15Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2023-04-21T06:44:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2023", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "99", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "antibiotics", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "antiretroviral drugs", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Effect of organic matrix on the adsorption of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs from drinking water onto activated carbon", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202304212602", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Bio- ja ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tieteiden laitos", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Department of Biological and Environmental Science", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6tiede", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Environmental science", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.collaborator", "value": "business", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "collaborator", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.funding", "value": "0", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "funding", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "yvv.contractresearch.initiative", "value": "student", "language": "", "element": "contractresearch", "qualifier": "initiative", "schema": "yvv"}, {"key": "dc.type.coar", "value": "http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.copyright", "value": "\u00a9 The Author(s)", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "copyright", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "openAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "40151", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "adsorptio", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "juomavesi", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "vedenk\u00e4sittely", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "aktiivihiili", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "mikrosaasteet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "adsorption", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "drinking water", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "water treatment", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "activated carbon", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "micropollutants", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}]
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