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Fyysisellä aktiivisuudella tiedetään olevan merkittäviä hyötyjä iäkkäiden henkilöiden hyvinvoinnin, terveyden ja toimintakyvyn kannalta. Fyysinen inaktiivisuus on kuitenkin yleistä iäkkäiden henkilöiden joukossa. Terveyteen liittyvän tiedon hankkimisen, ymmärtämisen, arvioimisen ja käyttämisen kokonaisuutta kutsutaan terveyden lukutaidoksi. Terveyden lukutaidon nähdään vaikuttavan muun muassa terveyskäyttäytymiseen. Iäkkäillä henkilöillä terveyden lukutaidon yhteyttä fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen on tutkittu vain vähän. Tämän pro gradu-tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvittää, miten terveyden lukutaito on yhteydessä itseraportoituun fyysiseen
aktiivisuuteen iäkkäillä kotona asuvilla henkilöillä. Lisäksi selvitettiin, eroaako mahdollinen yhteys sukupuolten välillä. Tutkielman aineistona käytettiin dataa AGNES-tutkimuksesta. Aineisto koostui kotona asuvista jyväskyläläisistä 75-, 80- ja 85-vuotiaista henkilöistä. Otoskoko oli 915, tutkittavista naisia oli 530 ja miehiä 385. Terveyden lukutaitoa mitattiin HLS-EU-Q16-mittarilla ja fyysistä aktiivisuutta Yale Physical Activity Survey-mittarilla. Fyysisen aktiivisuuden osalta tarkasteltiin kokonaisaktiivisuutta, rasittavaa liikkumista ja kävelemistä. Aineiston analyysissä käytettiin ristiintaulukointia, χ2-testiä, Mann-Whitneyn U-testiä, Kruskal-Wallisin testiä ja binääristä logistista regressioanalyysiä. Analyysit tehtiin kaikille tutkittaville sekä erikseen miehille ja naisille. Taustamuuttujina regressioanalyyseissä huomioitiin ikä, sukupuoli, koettu taloudellinen tilanne ja koettu terveys. Tutkittavista noin 53 prosentilla oli hyvä terveyden lukutaito. Terveyden lukutaidon taso ei eronnut sukupuolten välillä (p=0,455). Miehet olivat fyysisesti aktiivisempia kuin naiset (p<0,001). Hyvä terveyden lukutaito oli yhteydessä runsaampaan fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen (OR 1,81, LV 1,18-2,76). Yhteys pysyi tilastollisesti merkitsevänä, kun huomioitiin ikä, sukupuoli ja koettu taloudellinen tilanne (OR 1,57, LV 1,02-2,44). Kun taustamuuttujista koettu terveys lisättiin viimeiseen malliin, ei yhteys enää ollut tilastollisesti merkitsevä. Jatkotarkastelu osoitti, että hyvä terveyden lukutaito oli yhteydessä runsaampaan fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen naisilla (OR 2,64, LV 1,45-4,81), mutta ei miehillä. Naisten osalta yhteys säilyi, mutta heikkeni kun analyysi vakioitiin taustamuuttujilla (OR 2,02, LV 1,08-3,76). Hyvä terveyden lukutaito oli tässä tutkimuksessa yhteydessä runsaampaan fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen iäkkäillä naisilla, mutta ei miehillä. Tulokset nostavat esiin tarpeen tarkastella fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen liittyviä ilmiöitä iäkkäillä henkilöillä sukupuolittain. Terveyden edistämisen toimia suunnitellessa tulisi ottaa huomioon, että tiedolliset elementit voivat toimia liikkumisen edistämisessä paremmin iäkkäillä naisilla kuin miehillä. Jatkossa tulee tutkia terveyden lukutaidon ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteyttä pitkittäisasetelmalla mahdollisen syy-seuraussuhteen havaitsemiseksi.
Physical activity is known to have great benefits for the well-being, health and functioning of older people. However, physical inactivity is most common among older adults. Health literacy is defined as the capability to access, understand, appraise, and apply health-related information. Health literacy may influence health behaviors. The association between health literacy and physical activity in older adults has been less studied. This master`s thesis aimed to study how health literacy is associated with self-reported physical activity in community-dwelling older adults. Also, regarding this association, the possible differences between men and women were studied.
The cross-sectional data from the AGNES study were used in this study. The data consisted of community-dwelling people aged 75, 80, and 85 living in Jyväskylä, Finland. The number of study participants was 915, of which 530 were women and 385 were men. Health literacy was measured with the HLS-EU-Q16 instrument and physical activity with Yale Physical Activity Survey. For physical activity, overall activity, vigorous physical activity, and leisure walking were examined. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation, χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and binary logistic regression analysis. Analyses were first performed on all subjects and followed by analyses stratified by gender. Age, gender, self-perceived financial situation, and self-rated health were used as covariates in the regression analyses. Overall, about 53 per cent of the participants had a sufficient level of health literacy. The level
of health literacy did not differ between genders (p=0,455). Men were physically more active than women (p<0,001). Good health literacy was associated with higher overall activity (OR 1.81, CI 1.18-2.76). The association between good health literacy and higher overall activity remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, and self-perceived financial status (OR 1.57, CI 1.02-2.44). After adjusting for self-rated health there was no longer statis tically significant association. Gender-stratified analyses revealed that the association between good health literacy and higher overall activity was found only among women (OR 2.64, CI 1.45-4.81). The association was maintained but weakened when the analysis was adjusted for covariates (OR 2.02, CI 1.08-3.76). In men, no association was found between health literacy and physical activity. Sufficient health literacy was associated with higher levels of physical activity among older women but not in men. The results of this study suggest that factors associated with physical activity in older adults should be studied separately between genders. Also, when considering actions promoting health, it should be noted that the approaches including information about health behaviour could be more effective among older women than men. Thus, further longitudinal studies are needed to detect whether the association between health literacy and physical activity is causal.
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[{"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Lukkarinen, Elli", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2022-11-17T06:47:42Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2022-11-17T06:47:42Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2022", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/83964", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Fyysisell\u00e4 aktiivisuudella tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n olevan merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 hy\u00f6tyj\u00e4 i\u00e4kk\u00e4iden henkil\u00f6iden hyvinvoinnin, terveyden ja toimintakyvyn kannalta. Fyysinen inaktiivisuus on kuitenkin yleist\u00e4 i\u00e4kk\u00e4iden henkil\u00f6iden joukossa. Terveyteen liittyv\u00e4n tiedon hankkimisen, ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4misen, arvioimisen ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4misen kokonaisuutta kutsutaan terveyden lukutaidoksi. Terveyden lukutaidon n\u00e4hd\u00e4\u00e4n vaikuttavan muun muassa terveysk\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymiseen. I\u00e4kk\u00e4ill\u00e4 henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4 terveyden lukutaidon yhteytt\u00e4 fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen on tutkittu vain v\u00e4h\u00e4n. T\u00e4m\u00e4n pro gradu-tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, miten terveyden lukutaito on yhteydess\u00e4 itseraportoituun fyysiseen \naktiivisuuteen i\u00e4kk\u00e4ill\u00e4 kotona asuvilla henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4. Lis\u00e4ksi selvitettiin, eroaako mahdollinen yhteys sukupuolten v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Tutkielman aineistona k\u00e4ytettiin dataa AGNES-tutkimuksesta. Aineisto koostui kotona asuvista jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4l\u00e4isist\u00e4 75-, 80- ja 85-vuotiaista henkil\u00f6ist\u00e4. Otoskoko oli 915, tutkittavista naisia oli 530 ja miehi\u00e4 385. Terveyden lukutaitoa mitattiin HLS-EU-Q16-mittarilla ja fyysist\u00e4 aktiivisuutta Yale Physical Activity Survey-mittarilla. Fyysisen aktiivisuuden osalta tarkasteltiin kokonaisaktiivisuutta, rasittavaa liikkumista ja k\u00e4velemist\u00e4. Aineiston analyysiss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin ristiintaulukointia, \u03c72-testi\u00e4, Mann-Whitneyn U-testi\u00e4, Kruskal-Wallisin testi\u00e4 ja bin\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 logistista regressioanalyysi\u00e4. Analyysit tehtiin kaikille tutkittaville sek\u00e4 erikseen miehille ja naisille. Taustamuuttujina regressioanalyyseiss\u00e4 huomioitiin ik\u00e4, sukupuoli, koettu taloudellinen tilanne ja koettu terveys. Tutkittavista noin 53 prosentilla oli hyv\u00e4 terveyden lukutaito. Terveyden lukutaidon taso ei eronnut sukupuolten v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (p=0,455). Miehet olivat fyysisesti aktiivisempia kuin naiset (p<0,001). Hyv\u00e4 terveyden lukutaito oli yhteydess\u00e4 runsaampaan fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen (OR 1,81, LV 1,18-2,76). Yhteys pysyi tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4n\u00e4, kun huomioitiin ik\u00e4, sukupuoli ja koettu taloudellinen tilanne (OR 1,57, LV 1,02-2,44). Kun taustamuuttujista koettu terveys lis\u00e4ttiin viimeiseen malliin, ei yhteys en\u00e4\u00e4 ollut tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4. Jatkotarkastelu osoitti, ett\u00e4 hyv\u00e4 terveyden lukutaito oli yhteydess\u00e4 runsaampaan fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen naisilla (OR 2,64, LV 1,45-4,81), mutta ei miehill\u00e4. Naisten osalta yhteys s\u00e4ilyi, mutta heikkeni kun analyysi vakioitiin taustamuuttujilla (OR 2,02, LV 1,08-3,76). Hyv\u00e4 terveyden lukutaito oli t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkimuksessa yhteydess\u00e4 runsaampaan fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen i\u00e4kk\u00e4ill\u00e4 naisilla, mutta ei miehill\u00e4. Tulokset nostavat esiin tarpeen tarkastella fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen liittyvi\u00e4 ilmi\u00f6it\u00e4 i\u00e4kk\u00e4ill\u00e4 henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4 sukupuolittain. Terveyden edist\u00e4misen toimia suunnitellessa tulisi ottaa huomioon, ett\u00e4 tiedolliset elementit voivat toimia liikkumisen edist\u00e4misess\u00e4 paremmin i\u00e4kk\u00e4ill\u00e4 naisilla kuin miehill\u00e4. Jatkossa tulee tutkia terveyden lukutaidon ja fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteytt\u00e4 pitkitt\u00e4isasetelmalla mahdollisen syy-seuraussuhteen havaitsemiseksi.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Physical activity is known to have great benefits for the well-being, health and functioning of older people. However, physical inactivity is most common among older adults. Health literacy is defined as the capability to access, understand, appraise, and apply health-related information. Health literacy may influence health behaviors. The association between health literacy and physical activity in older adults has been less studied. This master`s thesis aimed to study how health literacy is associated with self-reported physical activity in community-dwelling older adults. Also, regarding this association, the possible differences between men and women were studied.\nThe cross-sectional data from the AGNES study were used in this study. The data consisted of community-dwelling people aged 75, 80, and 85 living in Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland. The number of study participants was 915, of which 530 were women and 385 were men. Health literacy was measured with the HLS-EU-Q16 instrument and physical activity with Yale Physical Activity Survey. For physical activity, overall activity, vigorous physical activity, and leisure walking were examined. Data were analyzed using cross-tabulation, \u03c72 test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and binary logistic regression analysis. Analyses were first performed on all subjects and followed by analyses stratified by gender. Age, gender, self-perceived financial situation, and self-rated health were used as covariates in the regression analyses. Overall, about 53 per cent of the participants had a sufficient level of health literacy. The level \nof health literacy did not differ between genders (p=0,455). Men were physically more active than women (p<0,001). Good health literacy was associated with higher overall activity (OR 1.81, CI 1.18-2.76). The association between good health literacy and higher overall activity remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, and self-perceived financial status (OR 1.57, CI 1.02-2.44). After adjusting for self-rated health there was no longer statis tically significant association. Gender-stratified analyses revealed that the association between good health literacy and higher overall activity was found only among women (OR 2.64, CI 1.45-4.81). The association was maintained but weakened when the analysis was adjusted for covariates (OR 2.02, CI 1.08-3.76). In men, no association was found between health literacy and physical activity. Sufficient health literacy was associated with higher levels of physical activity among older women but not in men. The results of this study suggest that factors associated with physical activity in older adults should be studied separately between genders. Also, when considering actions promoting health, it should be noted that the approaches including information about health behaviour could be more effective among older women than men. Thus, further longitudinal studies are needed to detect whether the association between health literacy and physical activity is causal.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Paivi Vuorio (paelvuor@jyu.fi) on 2022-11-17T06:47:42Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2022-11-17T06:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2022", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "51", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Terveyden lukutaidon yhteys itseraportoituun fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen i\u00e4kk\u00e4ill\u00e4 henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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"qualifier": "coar", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accesslevel", "value": "restrictedAccess", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accesslevel", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.publication", "value": "masterThesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "publication", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.oppiainekoodi", "value": "50423", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "oppiainekoodi", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "terveys", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "fyysinen aktiivisuus", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "liikunta", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "lukutaito", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "terveysk\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.content", "value": "fulltext", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "content", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.url", "value": "https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/", "language": null, "element": "rights", "qualifier": "url", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "Tekij\u00e4 ei ole antanut lupaa avoimeen julkaisuun, joten aineisto on luettavissa vain Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopiston kirjaston <a href=\"https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/kokoelmat/arkistotyoasema\">arkistoty\u00f6asemalta</a>.", "language": "fi", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights.accessrights", "value": "<br><br>The author has not given permission to make the work publicly available electronically. Therefore the material can be read only at the archival <a href=\"https://kirjasto.jyu.fi/collections/archival-workstation\">workstation</a> at Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 University Library reserved for the use of archival materials.", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": "accessrights", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.okm", "value": "G2", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": "okm", "schema": "dc"}]
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