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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Eronen, Johanna", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Kinnunen, Milla", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2022-07-13T05:13:41Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2022-07-13T05:13:41Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2022", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/82297", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "T\u00e4m\u00e4n pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena oli selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, miten terveyden lukutaito on yhteydess\u00e4 monil\u00e4\u00e4kitykseen i\u00e4kk\u00e4ill\u00e4 henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4. Terveyden lukutaito tarkoittaa yksil\u00f6n taitoa ymm\u00e4rt\u00e4\u00e4 ja soveltaa terveystietoa. Terveyden lukutaidon edist\u00e4minen saattaa olla lupaava keino tarttumattomien sairauksien ehk\u00e4isyss\u00e4, ja sen merkitys kasvaa terveyspalvelujen muuttuessa yksil\u00f6n asemaa korostavaan suuntaan. Terveyden lukutaitoa saattavat heikent\u00e4\u00e4 erilaiset ik\u00e4\u00e4ntymismuutokset, ja rajoittunut terveyden lukutaito on yleist\u00e4 i\u00e4kk\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 v\u00e4est\u00f6ss\u00e4. My\u00f6s monil\u00e4\u00e4kitys on yleist\u00e4 i\u00e4kk\u00e4\u00e4ss\u00e4 v\u00e4est\u00f6ss\u00e4. Monil\u00e4\u00e4kittyn\u00e4 voidaan pit\u00e4\u00e4 henkil\u00f6\u00e4, jolla on enemm\u00e4n kuin nelj\u00e4 l\u00e4\u00e4kett\u00e4 k\u00e4yt\u00f6ss\u00e4 samanaikaisesti. Ep\u00e4asianmukainen monil\u00e4\u00e4kitys on yksil\u00f6lle haitallista ja aiheuttaa kustannuksia terveydenhuollolle. Monil\u00e4\u00e4kityt ovat usein monisairaita. T\u00e4m\u00e4n vuoksi t\u00e4ss\u00e4 tutkielmassa haluttiin my\u00f6s selvitt\u00e4\u00e4, onko terveyden lukutaidon ja monil\u00e4\u00e4kityksen yhteydess\u00e4 eroa ei-monisairaiden ja monisairaiden tutkittavien v\u00e4lill\u00e4.\n\nTutkielman aineistona k\u00e4ytettiin Aktiivisuuden, terveyden ja toimintakyvyn yhteys hyvinvointiin vanhuudessa (AGNES) -tutkimuksen aineistoa. Tutkittavia oli yhteens\u00e4 876 ja heist\u00e4 57,9 % oli naisia. Tutkittavat asuivat Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4ss\u00e4 ja heit\u00e4 oli kolmesta eri ik\u00e4kohortista: 75-, 80- ja 85-vuotiaat. Aineiston keruumenetelm\u00e4n\u00e4 toimivat postikysely ja kotihaastattelu. Terveyden lukutaitoa mitattiin HLS-EU-Q-16-mittarilla. Aineisto analysoitiin IBM SPSS Statistics 28 -ohjelmistolla, ja analyysimenetelmin\u00e4 k\u00e4ytettiin Mann Whitneyn U-testi\u00e4, x2-riippumattomuustesti\u00e4 sek\u00e4 bin\u00e4\u00e4rist\u00e4 logistista regressioanalyysia. \n\nTerveyden lukutaidon pistem\u00e4\u00e4rien keskiarvot sek\u00e4 kolmiluokkainen terveyden lukutaidon taso vaihtelivat tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4sti monil\u00e4\u00e4kityksen kyll\u00e4- ja ei-ryhmien v\u00e4lill\u00e4 (p < 0,001) siten, ett\u00e4 terveyden lukutaidon taso oli matalampi monil\u00e4\u00e4kityill\u00e4 henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4. Samansuuntainen yhteys todettiin my\u00f6s logistisella regressioanalyysilla: henkil\u00f6t, joiden terveyden lukutaito oli riitt\u00e4m\u00e4t\u00f6n, olivat todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isemmin monil\u00e4\u00e4kittyj\u00e4 (OR 2,17; 95 % LV 1,36\u20133,41) verrattuna niihin, joilla oli riitt\u00e4v\u00e4 terveyden lukutaito. Yhteys pysyi tilastollisesti merkitsev\u00e4n\u00e4, kun malleihin lis\u00e4ttiin krooniset sairaudet ja koulutustaso, mutta se heikkeni hieman. Kun terveyden lukutaidon yhteytt\u00e4 monil\u00e4\u00e4kitykseen tarkasteltiin erikseen monisairaiden ja ei-monisairaiden ryhmiss\u00e4, yhteys terveyden lukutaidon ja monil\u00e4\u00e4kityksen v\u00e4lill\u00e4 todettiin ainoastaan monisairailla tutkittavilla.\n\nTulosten avulla voitiin todeta, ett\u00e4 itsearvioitu terveyden lukutaidon taso on yhteydess\u00e4 i\u00e4kk\u00e4\u00e4n henkil\u00f6n monil\u00e4\u00e4kitykseen siten, ett\u00e4 mit\u00e4 rajoittuneempi terveyden lukutaito henkil\u00f6ll\u00e4 on, sit\u00e4 todenn\u00e4k\u00f6isemmin t\u00e4m\u00e4 on monil\u00e4\u00e4kitty. Terveyden lukutaidon edist\u00e4minen voidaan n\u00e4hd\u00e4 potentiaalisena keinona ehk\u00e4ist\u00e4 ep\u00e4asianmukaisesta monil\u00e4\u00e4kityksest\u00e4 terveydenhuollolle ja yksil\u00f6lle koituvia haittoja, mutta lis\u00e4\u00e4 tutkimustietoa aiheesta kaivataan.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "Health literacy is the ability to understand and apply health information. Health literacy, being a critical determinant of health, works towards preventing non-communicable diseases. The significance of health literacy is brought to light as the health care system becomes individualized. The purpose of this master\u2019s thesis was to investigate the association between health literacy and polypharmacy in older adults. Limited health literacy and polypharmacy are both common within the aged population. Polypharmacy can be harmful to an individual and can cause burdens in the health care system. Polypharmacy often appears together with multimorbidity, which is why the effect of chronic diseases towards the association of health literacy and polypharmacy was investigated. \n\nThis study utilizes the data that were originally collected for Active aging \u2013 resilience and external support and modifiers of the disablement outcome (AGNES) -study. The study sample consists of 876 individuals in which 57,9 % were women, and they lived in Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4, Finland and they were 75-, 80- and 85 years old. The data was collected using a phone interview, a postal questionnaire, and a home interview. Health literacy was measured using the HLS-EU-Q16 -questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 28 -software. For statistical analyses, Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi Squared test and binary logistic regression were used.\n\nMean health literacy scores and the categorical health literacy (3 levels) varied significantly between the individuals with polypharmacy and the individuals without polypharmacy (p <0,001): health literacy was lower among individuals with polypharmacy. Similar association was found using binary logistic regression: those individuals, who had inadequate health literacy, were more likely to be polymedicated compared with those individuals who had sufficient health literacy. The association remained statistically significant, although it weakened, when chronic diseases and education level were added into the model as confounders. The association between health literacy and polypharmacy was investigated separately among individuals with multimorbidity and among those who had less than two diseases. The association was found only among individuals with multimorbidity.\n\nThe results show that lower health literacy is associated with a greater chance of polypharmacy. Promoting health literacy could potentially prevent harms and burdens caused by polypharmacy. More research is needed to fully understand the phenomenon.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2022-07-13T05:13:41Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-13T05:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2022", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "43", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "fin", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "monil\u00e4\u00e4kitys", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "monisairastavuus", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.title", "value": "Terveyden lukutaidon yhteys monil\u00e4\u00e4kitykseen i\u00e4kk\u00e4ill\u00e4 henkil\u00f6ill\u00e4", "language": "", "element": "title", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type", "value": "master thesis", "language": null, "element": "type", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.urn", "value": "URN:NBN:fi:jyu-202207133862", "language": "", "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "urn", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Pro gradu -tutkielma", "language": "fi", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.type.ontasot", "value": "Master\u2019s thesis", "language": "en", "element": "type", "qualifier": "ontasot", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Liikuntatieteellinen tiedekunta", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.faculty", "value": "Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "faculty", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Liikunta- ja terveystieteet", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.department", "value": "Sport and Health Sciences", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "department", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4n yliopisto", "language": "fi", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.organization", "value": "University of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4", "language": "en", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "organization", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Gerontologia ja kansanterveys", "language": "fi", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.discipline", "value": "Gerontology and Public Health", "language": "en", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "discipline", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": 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"ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyneet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "l\u00e4\u00e4kkeet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "l\u00e4\u00e4kehoito", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "terveyden edist\u00e4minen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "terveystieto", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "sairaudet", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "ik\u00e4\u00e4ntyminen", "language": null, "element": "subject", "qualifier": "yso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.yso", "value": "toimintakyky", "language": null, "element": "subject", 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