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[{"key": "dc.contributor.advisor", "value": "Avela, Janne", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "advisor", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.contributor.author", "value": "Eriksson, Tony", "language": "", "element": "contributor", "qualifier": "author", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.accessioned", "value": "2022-06-27T06:58:35Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "accessioned", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.available", "value": "2022-06-27T06:58:35Z", "language": null, "element": "date", "qualifier": "available", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.date.issued", "value": "2022", "language": "", "element": "date", "qualifier": "issued", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.identifier.uri", "value": "https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/82030", "language": null, "element": "identifier", "qualifier": "uri", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "JOHDANTO. Perinteinen painovoimaan perustuva lihasvoima harjoittelu on ollut olemassa jo vuosikausia. Tangolla teht\u00e4v\u00e4 takakyykky on yksi perinteisimmist\u00e4 ja tunnetuimmista alaraajoihin kohdistuvista liikkeist\u00e4 ja se kuvastaa erinomaisesti alaraajojen voimantuottoa. Yksi huono puoli perinteisess\u00e4 painovoimaa vasten teht\u00e4v\u00e4ss\u00e4 harjoittelussa on se, ett\u00e4 vastus pysyy muuttumattomana liikkeen aikana ja toistojen v\u00e4lill\u00e4. Hitausmomenttiin (kg m2) perustuva vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4 harjoittelu on voimaharjoittelu metodi, jonka vastus mukautuu liikkeen aikana ja toistojen v\u00e4liss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytetyn lihasvoiman perusteella painovoiman sijaan. T\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tarkoitus on verrata yhden toiston maksimi takakyykky\u00e4 samaiseen vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4ll\u00e4 teht\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4n kyykkyyn lihasaktiivisuuden, voimantuoton ja kinematiikan perusteella. MENETELM\u00c4T. 14 atleettista voimaharjoittelutaustaista miest\u00e4 osallistui t\u00e4h\u00e4n tutkimukseen. Tutkittavat suorittivat yhden toiston maksimin takakyykyss\u00e4 ja vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4. Huippu- ja keskiarvovoimat mitattiin voimalevyll\u00e4 takakyykyss\u00e4 ja rengasanturilla vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4. 2D kinematiikka -analyysit tehtiin suurnopeuskameralla polvi- ja lonkkakulmista ja niiden kulmanopeuksista. Lihasaktiivisuutta mitattiin pinta EMG- elektrodeilla viidest\u00e4 alaraajan lihaksesta (RF, VM, VL, BF, ja GM). Maksimaalinen isometrinen jalkapr\u00e4ssi suoritetiin my\u00f6s ennen ja j\u00e4lkeen mittausten. Kaikki mittaukset suoritettiin yhden istunnon aikana.\nTULOKSET. Kyykky liike jaettiin eksentriseen ja konsentriseen vaiheeseen viidell\u00e4 alakohdalla (Ecc 1 \u2013 Ecc 5 ja Con 1 \u2013 Con 5). Vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykky suorituksia verrattiin maksimi takakyykkyyn sek\u00e4 toiston keston, ett\u00e4 keskivoiman perusteella. Takakyykyss\u00e4 n\u00e4htiin suuremmat keskiarvo- ja huippuvoimat sek\u00e4 eksentrisess\u00e4 ett\u00e4 konsentrisessa vaiheessa. Tilastollisesti merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 l\u00f6yt\u00f6j\u00e4 esiintyi eksentrisess\u00e4 ty\u00f6ss\u00e4, jossa n\u00e4htiin 28.3 % v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n voimantuottoa vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4 (p < 0.001). Suurempia eksentrisi\u00e4 voimia n\u00e4htiin takakyykyss\u00e4 kaikissa alakohdissa, mutta kahdessa viimeisess\u00e4 konsentrisessa vaiheessa n\u00e4htiin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti suurempia voimia vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4 19,6 % - 42.7 % (p < 0.05\u20130.001). Polvi ja lonkkakulmissa ei n\u00e4hty merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 eroja. Kulmanopeuksissa n\u00e4htiin merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti hitaampia nopeuksia vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4 Ecc 5 \u2013 Con 1 (11.0 % - 68.5 %) ja Con 5 (33.3 % - 34.1 %). Merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti suurempia nopeuksia n\u00e4htiin vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4 Con 2 \u2013 Con 4 (37.3 % - 246.1 %) (p < 0.05\u20130.001). Eksentrisen vaiheen lihasaktiivisuus oli suurempaa vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4 RF (14.8 % - 101.8 %), VL (4.6 % - 45.6 %), VM (2.5 % - 54.4 %) ja BF (16.2 % - 48.4 %), joista RF osoitti my\u00f6s suurempaa aktiivisuutta konsentrisessa vaiheessa (21.3 % - 54.8 %) (p < 0.05). GM lihaksen aktiivisuus oli merkitt\u00e4v\u00e4sti pienemp\u00e4\u00e4 vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4 sek\u00e4 eksentrisess\u00e4 (14.3 % - 40.0 %) ett\u00e4 konsentrisessa (11.9 % - 58.6 %) vaiheessa (p < 0.05\u20130.001).\nPOHDINTA. Vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykky tuotti v\u00e4hemm\u00e4n voimaa mutta suurempaa lihasaktiivisuutta verrattuna takakyykkyyn. Vastustyyppi (vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4 vs. painovoima) ei v\u00e4ltt\u00e4m\u00e4tt\u00e4 ole ainoa tekij\u00e4, joka on vaikuttanut t\u00e4m\u00e4n tutkimuksen tuloksiin. Kinemaattisesti n\u00e4m\u00e4 kyykyt eroavat toisistaan painovoiman painopisteen perusteella sill\u00e4 takakyykyss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n tankoa ja vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4kyykyss\u00e4 k\u00e4ytet\u00e4\u00e4n haarniskaa. T\u00e4llaista vertailevaa tutkimusta, my\u00f6s muilla liikkeill\u00e4, tarvitaan lis\u00e4\u00e4, jotta tiedet\u00e4\u00e4n kuinka vauhtipy\u00f6r\u00e4laite soveltuu maksimaaliseen voimaharjoitteluun.", "language": "fi", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.abstract", "value": "INTRODUCTION. Conventional gravity-based strength training methods have been around for centuries. Barbell back squat is considered as the golden standard for lower extremity strength training. A major disadvantage of conventional strength training is that the resistance stays constant throughout the movement and between repetitions. Flywheel training is a strength training method that uses moment of inertia (kg m2) as resistance instead, which varies the external load accordingly throughout the movement and between repetitions based on applied muscle force. The purpose of this study is to compare 1 repetition maximum barbell BS to 1 RM FW squat in terms of muscle activity, force production and kinematics.\nMETHODS. 14 athletic men participated in the study with previous strength training background. Subjects performed 1RM barbell BS and 1RM FW squat. Peak and average forces were measured with a force plate in BS and with a pulling force meter in FW squat. 2D kinematic analyses were done with a highspeed camera for knee and hip angles and their angular velocities. Muscle activity was measured with sEMG electrodes from RF, VM, VL, BF, and GM muscles. Pre- and post-isometric leg press MVC measurements were also done. All measurements were done in a single session.\nRESULTS. Squat movement was divided into eccentric and concentric parts with 5 subsections each (Ecc 1 \u2013 Ecc 5 and Con 1 \u2013 Con 5). FW squats were compared to BS in two conditions: squat duration and average force. Greater average and peak forces were seen in BS in eccentric and concentric actions. Significant findings were seen in the eccentric actions with 28.3 % greater force in BS (p < 0.001). Greater eccentric forces were seen throughout the eccentric subsections in BS, but significantly greater forces were seen in FW squat in the last two sections of the concentric phase by 19,6 % - 42.7 % (p < 0.05 \u2013 0.001). No significant differences were seen in knee and hip angles. Knee and hip angular velocities showed significant differences between the two methods. Concentric sections showed lower velocities in FW from Ecc 5 \u2013 Con 1 (11.0 % - 68.5 %) and Con 5 (33.3 % - 34.1 %), but greater velocities in FW from Con 2 \u2013 Con 4 (37.3 % - 246.1 %) (p < 0.05 \u2013 0.001). Muscle activity was significantly greater in FW squats in RF (14.8 % - 101.8 %), VL (4.6 % - 45.6 %), VM (2.5 % - 54.4 %), and BF (16.2 % - 48.4 %) in eccentric sections, with RF showing also significantly greater activity in concentric sections (21.3 % - 54.8 %) (p < 0.05). GM activity was significantly lower in FW in eccentric (14.3 % - 40.0 %) and concentric (11.9 % - 58.6 %) sections (p < 0.05\u20130.001). DISCUSSION. FW squats showed less force, but greater muscle activity compared to barbell BS. Resistance type (moment of inertia vs. gravity) might not be the only factor that influenced the results. Kinematically the squats differ from each other in terms of center of gravity of the barbell in BS vs. harness used in FW squats. Further comparative research like this and with other exercises is needed to determine how FW devices suit for maximal strength training.", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "abstract", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Submitted by Miia Hakanen (mihakane@jyu.fi) on 2022-06-27T06:58:35Z\nNo. of bitstreams: 0", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.description.provenance", "value": "Made available in DSpace on 2022-06-27T06:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0\n Previous issue date: 2022", "language": "en", "element": "description", "qualifier": "provenance", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.extent", "value": "76", "language": "", "element": "format", "qualifier": "extent", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.format.mimetype", "value": "application/pdf", "language": null, "element": "format", "qualifier": "mimetype", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.language.iso", "value": "eng", "language": null, "element": "language", "qualifier": "iso", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.rights", "value": "In Copyright", "language": "en", "element": "rights", "qualifier": null, "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "back squat", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "gravity-based", "language": "", "element": "subject", "qualifier": "other", "schema": "dc"}, {"key": "dc.subject.other", "value": "flywheel squat", "language": "", "element": "subject", 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